Table 4.
The role of exosomes in gliomas
| Source of exosomes | Intermediate molecule | Downstream pathway or molecule | Models or cells | Function | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypoxic GSCs | miR-30b-3p | NA | NA | Conferring TMZ resistance on glioblastoma | [77] |
| M2 BMDM | miR-21 | PEG3 | NA | Promoting immune escape of glioma cells | [78] |
| Hypoxia-induced glioma cells | miR-29a, miR-92a | NA | NA | Promoting immune escape | [80] |
| Stem-like BTICs | TNC | T cell | NA | Suppressing the immune system | [81] |
| NA | miR-301a | Wnt / β-catenin | NA | Reducing radiosensitivity | [85] |
| MSC | miR-146 | NA | Rat primary brain tumor model | Inhibiting the growth of glioma xenografts | [88] |
| WJ-MSCs | miR-124 | NA | GBM | Enhancing the sensitivity to TMZ and reduce the migration | [89] |
'NA' means no accessible data in the study.
GSCs, Glioma stem-like cells; TMZ, temozolomide; BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophage; BTICs, brain tumor initiating cells; TNC, tenascin-C; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; WJ-MSCs, Wharton's Jelly- Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme