Table 2.
Associations of individual inflammation marker or combination of IL-6 and YKL-40 with recurrent stroke within 1 year
| Marker and levels * | Events [no., (%)] | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | Model 3§ | Model 4|| | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |||
| IL-6 (ng/L) | Q1 | 213 (8.1) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 212 (8.1) | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | 0.99 | 0.92 (0.76–1.11) | 0.38 | 0.91 (0.75–1.11) | 0.34 | 0.90 (0.74–1.10) | 0.30 | |
| Q3 | 262 (10.0) | 1.25 (1.04–1.49) | 0.02 | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | 0.47 | 1.10 (0.90–1.32) | 0.37 | 1.08 (0.89–1.30) | 0.46 | |
| Q4 | 339 (13.0) | 1.69 (1.42–2.00) | < 0.0001 | 1.35 (1.12–1.62) | 0.002 | 1.37 (1.14–1.66) | 0.001 | 1.36 (1.13–1.64) | 0.001 | |
| Continuous model | 1.32 (1.23–1.41) | < 0.0001 | 1.21 (1.12–1.30) | < 0.0001 | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) | < 0.0001 | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) | < 0.0001 | ||
| IL-1Ra (ng/L) | Q1 | 238 (9.1) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 249 (9.5) | 1.05 (0.88–1.26) | 0.57 | 1.01 (0.85–1.21) | 0.91 | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 0.84 | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 0.84 | |
| Q3 | 282 (10.8) | 1.21 (1.02–1.43) | 0.03 | 1.10 (0.92–1.31) | 0.31 | 1.10 (0.92–1.31) | 0.32 | 1.09 (0.91–1.31) | 0.34 | |
| Q4 | 257 (9.8) | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) | 0.25 | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 0.85 | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | 0.98 | 0.98 (0.81–1.19) | 0.85 | |
| Continuous model | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) | 0.09 | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 0.60 | 1.03 (0.93–1.15) | 0.53 | 1.03 (0.92–1.14) | 0.63 | ||
| hsCRP (mg/L) | Q1 | 212 (8.1) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 218 (8.4) | 1.05 (0.87–1.27) | 0.63 | 1.03 (0.85–1.24) | 0.79 | 1.03 (0.85–1.26) | 0.74 | 1.03 (0.85–1.25) | 0.77 | |
| Q3 | 264 (10.1) | 1.28 (1.07–1.53) | 0.007 | 1.20 (1.00–1.44) | 0.05 | 1.20 (0.99–1.44) | 0.07 | 1.18 (0.98–1.42) | 0.09 | |
| Q4 | 332 (12.7) | 1.66 (1.40–1.98) | < 0.0001 | 1.42 (1.19–1.70) | 0.0001 | 1.42 (1.18–1.71) | 0.0002 | 1.41 (1.17–1.69) | 0.0003 | |
| Continuous model | 1.15 (1.11–1.20) | < 0.0001 | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | < 0.0001 | 1.10 (1.05–1.16) | < 0.0001 | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Lp-PLA2 (μg/L) | Q1 | 242 (9.2) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 237 (9.1) | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | 0.90 | 1.01 (0.84–1.21) | 0.91 | 1.00 (0.83–1.20) | 0.99 | 1.00 (0.83–1.19) | 0.96 | |
| Q3 | 267 (10.2) | 1.12 (0.94–1.33) | 0.21 | 1.14 (0.96–1.36) | 0.13 | 1.06 (0.88–1.27) | 0.53 | 1.05 (0.88–1.26) | 0.59 | |
| Q4 | 280 (10.7) | 1.18 (0.99–1.40) | 0.06 | 1.17 (0.98–1.39) | 0.08 | 1.09 (0.90–1.32) | 0.37 | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) | 0.42 | |
| Continuous model | 1.17 (1.02–1.35) | 0.03 | 1.17 (1.01–1.35) | 0.03 | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | 0.25 | 1.09 (0.93–1.27) | 0.30 | ||
| Lp-PLA2-A (nmol/min/ml) | Q1 | 230 (8.8) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 233 (8.9) | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 0.85 | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 0.84 | 1.00 (0.83–1.20) | 0.96 | 0.99 (0.82–1.19) | 0.91 | |
| Q3 | 282 (10.8) | 1.25 (1.05–1.48) | 0.01 | 1.24 (1.04–1.47) | 0.02 | 1.18 (0.98–1.41) | 0.08 | 1.17 (0.97–1.40) | 0.09 | |
| Q4 | 281 (10.8) | 1.25 (1.05–1.49) | 0.01 | 1.26 (1.05–1.50) | 0.01 | 1.18 (0.98–1.43) | 0.09 | 1.17 (0.97–1.42) | 0.10 | |
| Continuous model | 1.30 (1.08–1.56) | 0.006 | 1.30 (1.08–1.57) | 0.006 | 1.20 (0.98–1.47) | 0.07 | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) | 0.09 | ||
| YKL-40 (mg/L) | Q1 | 217 (8.3) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 238 (9.1) | 1.10 (0.92–1.32) | 0.31 | 1.05 (0.87–1.27) | 0.59 | 1.06 (0.88–1.29) | 0.53 | 1.05 (0.87–1.28) | 0.60 | |
| Q3 | 253 (9.7) | 1.18 (0.98–1.41) | 0.08 | 1.05 (0.87–1.27) | 0.64 | 1.07 (0.88–1.29) | 0.52 | 1.05 (0.87–1.28) | 0.59 | |
| Q4 | 318 (12.2) | 1.52 (1.28–1.81) | < 0.0001 | 1.26 (1.05–1.53) | 0.02 | 1.30 (1.07–1.58) | 0.008 | 1.28 (1.06–1.56) | 0.01 | |
| Continuous model | 1.24 (1.15–1.35) | < 0.0001 | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 0.01 | 1.15 (1.05–1.26) | 0.004 | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) | 0.006 | ||
| IL-6 + YKL-40 | Q1 | 248 (7.8) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 177 (8.7) | 1.13 (0.93–1.37) | 0.23 | 1.05 (0.86–1.28) | 0.66 | 1.08 (0.88–1.32) | 0.48 | 1.07 (0.87–1.31) | 0.51 | |
| Q3 | 207 (10.1) | 1.34 (1.11–1.61) | 0.002 | 1.21 (1.00–1.45) | 0.05 | 1.24 (1.03–1.51) | 0.03 | 1.24 (1.02–1.50) | 0.03 | |
| Q4 | 394 (12.3) | 1.66 (1.42–1.95) | < 0.0001 | 1.34 (1.12–1.59) | 0.001 | 1.38 (1.16–1.65) | 0.0004 | 1.37 (1.14–1.63) | 0.0007 | |
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence intervals, Q1 quartile 1, Q2 quartile 2, Q3 quartile 3, Q4 quartile 4, IL-6 interleukin-6, IL-1Ra interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, hsCRP high-sensitive C-reactive protein, Lp-PLA2 lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, Lp-PLA2-A lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity
*All markers were categorized into 4 even groups by quartiles. In the continuous model, the hazard ratios correspond to per-unit increment of logarithm of marker value
†Model 1: unadjusted
‡Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, index event, medical histories of atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, baseline NIHSS score and baseline leukocyte count
§Model 3: adjusted for all factors in model 2 and baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels;
||Model 4: adjusted for all factors in model 3 and usage of antiplatelet, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic and statin during 1-year follow-up period