Table 3.
Associations of individual inflammation marker or combination of IL-6 and YKL-40 with a Modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 2 within 1 year
| Marker and levels * | Events [no., (%)] | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | Model 3§ | Model 4|| | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |||
| IL-6 (ng/L) | Q1 | 336 (13.0) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 500 (19.5) | 1.62 (1.39–1.88) | < 0.0001 | 1.32 (1.13–1.55) | 0.0006 | 1.34 (1.15–1.58) | 0.0003 | 1.39 (1.17–1.63) | 0.0001 | |
| Q3 | 626 (24.5) | 2.16 (1.87–2.50) | < 0.0001 | 1.44 (1.23–1.68) | < 0.0001 | 1.47 (1.26–1.72) | < 0.0001 | 1.48 (1.26–1.74) | < 0.0001 | |
| Q4 | 933 (37.0) | 3.92 (3.41–4.51) | < 0.0001 | 1.88 (1.61–2.20) | < 0.0001 | 1.95 (1.66–2.28) | < 0.0001 | 1.93 (1.64–2.27) | < 0.0001 | |
| Continuous model | 1.82 (1.73–1.92) | < 0.0001 | 1.32 (1.24–1.41) | < 0.0001 | 1.34 (1.26–1.43) | < 0.0001 | 1.32 (1.24–1.41) | < 0.0001 | ||
| IL-1Ra (ng/L) | Q1 | 462 (18.0) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 504 (19.7) | 1.11 (0.97–1.28) | 0.14 | 1.00 (0.87–1.17) | 0.97 | 1.01 (0.86–1.17) | 0.93 | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | 0.98 | |
| Q3 | 638 (24.9) | 1.51 (1.32–1.72) | < 0.0001 | 1.24 (1.07–1.44) | 0.005 | 1.24 (1.07–1.45) | 0.004 | 1.25 (1.07–1.46) | 0.006 | |
| Q4 | 791 (31.3) | 2.07 (1.81–2.36) | < 0.0001 | 1.55 (1.34–1.80) | < 0.0001 | 1.54 (1.32–1.78) | < 0.0001 | 1.60 (1.37–1.87) | < 0.0001 | |
| Continuous model | 1.51 (1.41–1.63) | < 0.0001 | 1.32 (1.21–1.43) | < 0.0001 | 1.31 (1.20–1.42) | < 0.0001 | 1.33 (1.22–1.45) | < 0.0001 | ||
| hsCRP (mg/L) | Q1 | 422 (16.3) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 460 (18.1) | 1.14 (0.98–1.31) | 0.08 | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 0.43 | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 0.43 | 1.07 (0.91–1.25) | 0.43 | |
| Q3 | 606 (23.8) | 1.60 (1.40–1.84) | < 0.0001 | 1.30 (1.12–1.51) | 0.0005 | 1.32 (1.14–1.53) | 0.0003 | 1.29 (1.11–1.51) | 0.001 | |
| Q4 | 907 (35.9) | 2.88 (2.52–3.28) | < 0.0001 | 1.62 (1.40–1.87) | < 0.0001 | 1.65 (1.42–1.91) | < 0.0001 | 1.60 (1.37–1.86) | < 0.0001 | |
| Continuous model | 1.38 (1.33–1.42) | < 0.0001 | 1.16 (1.11–1.20) | < 0.0001 | 1.16 (1.12–1.21) | < 0.0001 | 1.15 (1.11–1.20) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Lp-PLA2 (μg/L) | Q1 | 582 (22.8) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 564 (22.2) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 0.61 | 0.98 (0.84–1.13) | 0.74 | 0.98 (0.84–1.13) | 0.73 | 0.97 (0.84–1.13) | 0.73 | |
| Q3 | 609 (23.7) | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) | 0.41 | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 0.36 | 1.06 (0.92–1.23) | 0.41 | 1.04 (0.90–1.21) | 0.61 | |
| Q4 | 640 (25.1) | 1.14 (1.00–1.30) | 0.05 | 1.08 (0.94–1.25) | 0.26 | 1.08 (0.94–1.25) | 0.29 | 1.05 (0.91–1.22) | 0.50 | |
| Continuous model | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | 0.06 | 1.07 (0.96–1.20) | 0.24 | 1.07 (0.95–1.20) | 0.25 | 1.04 (0.93–1.18) | 0.49 | ||
| Lp-PLA2-A (nmol/min/ml) | Q1 | 586 (22.9) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 567 (22.1) | 0.96 (0.84–1.09) | 0.50 | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) | 0.69 | 0.98 (0.85–1.13) | 0.75 | 0.97 (0.84–1.13) | 0.71 | |
| Q3 | 588 (23.0) | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 0.95 | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) | 0.64 | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) | 0.65 | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | 0.32 | |
| Q4 | 654 (25.8) | 1.17 (1.03–1.33) | 0.02 | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | 0.10 | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | 0.10 | 1.09 (0.94–1.26) | 0.25 | |
| Continuous model | 1.14 (0.99–1.30) | 0.06 | 1.09 (0.94–1.27) | 0.23 | 1.10 (0.94–1.27) | 0.23 | 1.05 (0.90–1.22) | 0.55 | ||
| YKL-40 (mg/L) | Q1 | 445 (17.5) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 537 (20.9) | 1.25 (1.09–1.44) | 0.002 | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) | 0.47 | 1.07 (0.92–1.24) | 0.41 | 1.07 (0.91–1.25) | 0.44 | |
| Q3 | 585 (22.9) | 1.40 (1.22–1.61) | < 0.0001 | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | 0.48 | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 0.58 | 0.94 (0.80–1.11) | 0.48 | |
| Q4 | 828 (32.6) | 2.29 (2.00–2.61) | < 0.0001 | 1.20 (1.03–1.40) | 0.02 | 1.24 (1.06–1.45) | 0.007 | 1.21 (1.03–1.42) | 0.02 | |
| Continuous model | 1.54 (1.45–1.64) | < 0.0001 | 1.10 (1.02–1.19) | 0.01 | 1.12 (1.04–1.21) | 0.003 | 1.11 (1.02–1.20) | 0.01 | ||
| IL-6 + YKL-40 | Q1 | 477 (15.2) | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Q2 | 359 (18.0) | 1.23 (1.05–1.42) | 0.008 | 0.91 (0.78–1.08) | 0.28 | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 0.34 | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 0.33 | |
| Q3 | 505 (25.6) | 1.92 (1.67–2.21) | < 0.0001 | 1.31 (1.13–1.53) | 0.0005 | 1.33 (1.14–1.55) | 0.0002 | 1.33 (1.13–1.55) | 0.0005 | |
| Q4 | 1054 (34.0) | 2.88 (2.54–3.25) | < 0.0001 | 1.36 (1.18–1.57) | < 0.0001 | 1.40 (1.22–1.62) | < 0.0001 | 1.36 (1.17–1.58) | < 0.0001 | |
OR odds ratio, CI confidence intervals, Q1 quartile 1, Q2 quartile 2, Q3 quartile 3, Q4 quartile 4, IL-6 interleukin-6, IL-1Ra interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, hsCRP high sensitive C-reactive protein, Lp-PLA2 lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, Lp-PLA2-A lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity
*All markers were categorized into 4 even groups by quartiles. In the continuous model, the odds ratios correspond to per-unit increment of logarithm of marker value
†Model 1: unadjusted
‡Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, medical histories of atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, baseline NIHSS score, mRS score before the onset of index events and baseline leukocyte count
§Model 3: adjusted for all factors in Model 2 and tPA treatment
||Model 4: adjusted for all factors in Model 3 and stroke recurrence within 1 year