TABLE 1.

Demographic, questionnaire, and testing data.

	Controls	dD
N	11	24	Sig
Demographics and behavior
Age (cog testing), years	9.94 [1.3]	10.48 [1.5]	0.30
Age (MRI), years	9.50 [1.4]	9.96 [1.5]	0.40
Time between MRI and Cog tests, years	0.48 [0.3]	0.52 [0.3]	0.77
Sex	7 F, 4 M	11 F, 13 M	0.33
Handedness	11 R	21 R, 3 NR	0.22
DSIS (1 = lowest; 5 = highest)
Parent-reported impulsivity	2.36 [1.0]	2.57 [0.9]	0.58
Child-reported impulsivity	1.79 [0.7]	2.26 [0.7]	0.10
Parent-reported schoolwork	2.19 [1.1]	2.70 [1.2]	0.29
Child-reported schoolwork	1.78 [0.6]	2.60 [0.8]	0.008
Parent-reported interpersonal	2.53 [1.2]	2.44 [1.1]	0.85
Child-reported interpersonal	1.81 [1.0]	1.91 [1.0]	0.78
Vanderbilt inattention sum	–	6.41 [4.3]	N/A
Vanderbilt hyperactivity sum	–	4.17 [3.1]	N/A
		(% ile)
BASC externalizing	–	33.67 [26.2]	N/A
BASC internalizing	–	39.22 [35.0]	N/A
BASC attention	–	37.22 [26.9]	N/A
Cognition and academics	(% ile)	(% ile)
Matrix reasoning	67.38 [16.8]	59.46 [26.2]	0.43
WJ oral vocabulary	72.25 [19.7]	48.80 [24.0]	0.002
WJ letter-word Identification	–	22.19 [18.6]	N/A
WJ word attack	–	35.25 [25.0]	N/A
TOWRE SWE	47.00 [25.1]	15.52 [20.2]	0.002
TOWRE PDE	53.20 [30.3]	15.13 [18.5]	<0.001
GORT 5 accuracy	53.95 [34.6]	9.35 [11.3]	<0.001
GORT 5 rate	62.45 [26.8]	16.27 [16.7]	<0.001
GORT 5 comprehension	52.30 [21.8]	20.77 [15.9]	<0.001
WJ sound blending	–	54.83 [25.6]	N/A
WJ sound awareness	–	37.50 [25.5]	N/A
WJ rapid picture naming	56.63 [23.5]	33.38 [19.7]	0.01
NEPSY II naming	65.00 [27.7]	36.13 [24.6]	0.01
WJ memory for words	73.13 [24.4]	32.00 [20.7]	<0.001
WISC-IV integr. digit span fwd	64.22 [29.5]	25.63 [22.9]	<0.001
WISC-IV integr. digit span bwd	60.44 [30.8]	26.00 [22.4]	0.001
Rey-O 3’ delay	46.67 [30.1]	38.78 [32.7]	0.60
Children’s colored trails 1	49.14 [24.4]	42.30 [28.1]	0.57
Children’s colored trails 2	45.00 [14.1]	22.80 [20.4]	0.01