| Noh 27
|
109 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
19.7 |
|
Metallic implant: 87.5
Biodegradable implant: 84.3 |
SMFA dysfunction: metallic 9.7, biodegradable 10.5 |
Nonunion: metallic 0%, biodegradable 2% |
| Hoelsbrekken 42
|
82 |
53 |
31/51 |
39 |
Surgery 81
Conservative 80 |
Surgery 88
Conservative 87 |
|
Nonunion after conservative treatment 10.0% |
| Carter 17
|
247 |
72 |
47/200 |
57 |
Conservative: 85; surgery: 80 |
|
|
Nonunion: conservative 30%, surgery 11% |
| Roberts 13
|
261 |
48 |
120/141 |
72 |
Malreduced fractures 57.3; reduced fractures 71.2 |
|
|
|
| Tanoglu 15
|
45 |
47 |
19/26 |
20 |
87.8 after 1-stage surgery
83.2 after 2-stage surgery |
88.64 after 1-stage surgery
84.60 after 2-stage surgery |
|
Surgical site infection 5%
Delayed union 15%
Algoneurodystrophy 15%
Implant removal 10%
Fasciotomy 5% |
| Van Hooff 25
|
131 |
51 |
55/76 |
83 |
|
90 |
VAS: 1 |
|
| Simanski 34
|
43 |
49 |
20/23 |
25 |
90.0 |
|
|
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy 2.0%
Allergic reaction to implant 5.0% |
| Vidovic 39
|
48 |
52 |
20/28 |
21 |
|
100 |
|
Deep vein thrombosis 6%, superficial wound infection 2.7% |
| Bucholz 36
|
169 |
40 |
71/99 |
37 |
|
Metal implant: 83.0
Biodegradable implant 79.0 |
|
Biodegradable screw rupture 0.6%
Nerve injury 1.1% |
| Evers 23
|
42 |
53 |
16/26 |
30 |
|
70.9
>25% fragment: 74.7
<25% fragment: 75.4 |
|
|
| Testa 14
|
48 |
45 |
22/28 |
12 |
75.31
Type B fractures: 78.65
Type C fractures: 69.72 |
|
VAS 2.23 Type B fractures: 1.73 Type C fracture: 3.06 |
|
| Tewjani 32
|
266 |
43 |
125/141 |
12 |
|
96.4 |
|
Superficial infection 2%
Implant removal 10%
Nonunion 2% |
| Tosun 38
|
49 |
47 |
19/30 |
15 |
|
Conservative 70
Fixation 92 |
|
|
| Gupta 16
|
8 |
49 |
3/5 |
12 |
Excellent 50%, good 50% |
|
|
|
| Mingo 29
|
45 |
51 |
16/29 |
24 |
Excellent or good 53.85% |
Excellent or good 74.35% |
|
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome 2.22%
Superficial infection 15.56%
Failure fixation 2.22% |
| Zhong 40
|
48 |
43 |
28/20 |
21 |
|
PM approach 92.9
PL approach 91.9 |
|
Fragment step-off 8.0%
Superficial infection 2.0% |
| O’Connor 45
|
27 |
46.6 |
11/16 |
55 |
|
|
SMFA score:
AP screw 20.2, PL plate 9.4 |
Post-traumatic arthritis:
AP screw 20%, PL plate 37.5% |
| SooHoo 31
|
57,183 |
51 |
21,158/
36,025 |
60 |
|
97.7 |
|
Complications: pulmonary embolism 0.34%, mortality 1.07%, wound infection 1.44%, amputation 0.16%, failure 0.82% |
| Jones 41
|
27 |
40 |
13/14 |
50 |
|
59.0 |
|
Syndesmotic instability 14% |
| Xing 18
|
30 |
39 |
20/10 |
13 |
|
|
Baird–Jackson ankle score 96.2 (93.3% excellent and good rate) |
|
| Kalem 37
|
68 |
44 |
26/42 |
16 |
|
AP screw 86.4
PA screw 93.8
Plate 94.7 |
VAS score:
AP screw 0.55
PA screw 0.76
Plate 0.94 |
reflex sympathetic dystrophy 1.5%
superficial wound infection 1.5%
implant failure 1.5% |
| Regier 22
|
99 |
41 |
53/46 |
35 |
|
91.2 |
|
OCL lesions in 40.4% of patients |
| Hong 26
|
31 |
46 |
10/21 |
12 |
78.3 |
|
VAS: 2.3 |
|
| Karaca 20
|
57 |
55.9 |
21/36 |
44.6 |
|
92.4 |
VAS: resting 1.1, walking 1.3 |
Superficial infection 1.57% |
| Wang 28
|
12 |
47 |
5/7 |
19 |
|
85.7 |
|
|
| Kukk 30
|
57 |
45 |
31/26 |
17 |
86.0 |
100.0 |
|
Delayed wound healing 1.8%
Deep vein thrombosis 5.4%
Soft tissue reactions 7.2% |
| Gehr 33
|
194 |
51 |
80/114 |
15 |
Excellent 58.6%, good 33.3%, moderate 5.5%, unsatisfactory 2.4% |
|
|
Pseudarthrosis 0.05%, fracture displacement 0.05% |
| Petruccelli 44
|
93 |
48.3 |
47/46 |
12 |
|
AOFAS 90 with no statistical differences in the two groups (1/3 tubular vs LCP) |
|
Wound complications 7.6%, Hardware removal 5.4 % |
| Vem 19
|
30 |
37 |
25/5 |
18 |
Excellent 60%, good 26.6% |
|
|
Superficial infection 13%
Deep infection 13%
Delayed union 6% |
| Verhage 21
|
52 |
49 |
11/41 |
33 |
|
95 |
|
Osteoarthritis 7.6%
Deep infection 1.9%
Numbness 4%
Pulmonary embolia 1.9% |
| Choi 24
|
50 |
48 |
27/23 |
12 |
Excellent 24%
Good 48% |
90.6 |
|
Skin necrosis 4%
Sural nerve injury 4% |
| Day 43
|
25 |
48 |
21/24 |
144 |
|
|
Phillips score: excellent or good 64%, fair or unsatisfactory 36%. |
|
| De Vries 7
|
45 |
61 |
35/10 |
156 |
|
|
AFSS score:
Ankle
Fixation 126, conservative 119, VAS: fixation 2.4, conserfvative 2.6 |
Post-traumatic arthritis 20.0% |
