Table 3.
Severity, complications, and management of COVID-19 infections
| Variable | All (n=87) | Survivor (n=67) | Non-survivor (n=20) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease severity at time of presentation | ||||
| Asymptomatic | 13 (15) | 12 (18) | 1 (5) | 0.155 |
| Mild | 21 (24) | 21 (31) | 0 | 0.004 |
| Moderate | 39 (45) | 26 (39) | 13 (65) | 0.039 |
| Severe | 10 (11) | 7 (10) | 3 (15) | 0.575 |
| Critical | 4 (5) | 1 (1) | 3 (15) | 0.011 |
| Progression to more severe COVID-19 infection | 18 (21) | 7 (10) | 11 (55) | 0.005 |
| Admission to hospital | 79 (91) | 60 (89) | 19 (95) | 0.459 |
| Admission to the ICU | 9 (10) | 0 | 9 (45) | <0.001 |
| Oxygen supplementationa) | 21/62 (34) | 12/48 (25) | 9/14 (64) | 0.025 |
| AKI | 25 (29) | 11 (16) | 14 (70) | <0.001 |
| Multi-organ failure | 13 (15) | 0 | 13 (65) | 0.005 |
| Respiratory failure requiring ventilationa) | 9/62 (14) | 1/48 (2) | 8/14 (57) | <0.001 |
| Renal replacement therapya) | 9/62 (14) | 0/48 (0) | 9/14 (64) | <0.001 |
| Renal allograft rejection | 10 (11) | 1 (1) | 9 (45) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac injury | 7 (8) | 3 (4) | 4 (20) | 0.025 |
| Shock | 7 (8) | 0 | 7 (35) | 0.005 |
| Arrhythmias | 5 (6) | 2 (3) | 3 (15) | 0.043 |
| Cytopenias | 3 (3) | 0 | 3 (15) | 0.001 |
| Liver injury | 3 (3) | 2 (3) | 1 (5) | 0.665 |
| Thrombosis | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (5) | 0.066 |
| Coagulopathy | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (5) | 0.066 |
| Secondary infections | 4 (5) | 2 (3) | 2 (10) | 0.189 |
| Increased doses of corticosteroidsa) | 41/62 (66) | 30/47 (64) | 11/15 (73) | 0.534 |
| Anticoagulationa) | 38/62 (61) | 24/47 (51) | 14/15 (93) | 0.003 |
| Antiviralsa) | 31/62 (50) | 18/47 (38) | 13/15 (87) | 0.001 |
| Antibioticsa) | 28/62 (45) | 18/47 (38) | 10/15 (67) | 0.025 |
| Reduction in immunosuppressiona) | 27/62 (43) | 21/47 (45) | 6/15 (40) | 0.750 |
| Reduction or discontinuation of calcineurin inhibitors | 16/62 (26) | 11/47 (23) | 5/15 (33) | 0.243 |
| Reduction or discontinuation of anti-metabolite | 29/62 (47) | 23/47 (49) | 6/15 (40) | 0.444 |
| Hydroxychloroquinea) | 12/62 (19) | 8/47 (17) | 4/15 (27) | 0.410 |
| Azithromycina) | 10/62 (16) | 6/47 (13) | 4/15 (27) | 0.150 |
Values are presented as number (%).
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit; AKI, acute kidney injury.
a)Data for 25 patients not available.