Table 5.
Comparison of clinical characteristics, outcomes, and management with other large cohort studies of COVID-19 in KTXs
| Variable | ASTREGO (n=87) |
South Asia (n=250) |
West Asia (n=130) |
Europe (n=279) |
North America (n=54) |
South America (n=491) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative nation | East and Southeast Asia | India [5] | Saudi Arabia [6] | France [7] | New York [8] | Brazil [9] |
| Age (yr) | 43 (21–80) | 43 (35–51) | 48.7±14.4 | Outpatient, 55.6 (48–61.1); inpatient, 61.6 (50.8–69.0) | 57 (29–83) | 53 (43–60) |
| Living donor kidney transplant | 79 | 90 | 80 | NA | 69 | 33 |
| COVID-19 within the first year of transplantation | 12 | 20 | 16 | 14.4 | Outpatient, 18; inpatient, 13 | 13.8 |
| Hypertension | 53 | 84 | 79 | 80.6 | 93 | 68 |
| Diabetes | 22 | 32 | 45 | 37.2 | 30 | 32 |
| Cardiac disease | 13 | 12 | 17 | 31.2 | 35 | 12 |
| Most common immunosuppressiona) | ||||||
| Calcineurin inhibitor | 100 | 94.4 | 96 | 83.1 | 100 | Tacrolimus |
| Prednisolone | 91 | 100 | 98 | 72.8 | 31.5 | Prednisolone |
| Anti-metabolite | 71 | 100 | 93 | 79.8 | 96.3 | Mycophenolate |
| mTOR inhibitor and others | 3 | 5.6 | 5 | 11.9 | 3.7 | 46 |
| Asymptomatic case | 15 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Most common symptom | Cough, 66; fever, 63; anorexia, 30 | Fever, 88; cough, 72; sputum, 52 | Fatigue, 62; fever, 60; cough, 58 | Fever, 80; cough, 63.6; diarrhea, 43.5 | Fever, 74; cough, 59; dyspnea, 52 | Cough, 62; fever, 60; dyspnea, 51 |
| Radiological abnormality | 50.7 | 51 | 33.1 | 87 | NA | 97.3 |
| Hospital admission | 90.8 | 80 | 55 | 87 | 72 | 69 |
| ICU admission | 10.3 | 21 | 21 | 36 | 33 | 61 |
| Ventilation | 14.5 | 12 | 42 | 30 | 28 | 32 |
| AKI | 28.7 | 48.4 | 27 | 43.6 | 51 | 47 |
| Shock | 8 | NA | 11 | 11 | NA | 29 |
| Secondary infection | 5 | 20 | 29 | 23.5 | 48 | 36 |
| Mortality | 23 | 12 | 11 | 23 | 13 | 28 |
| Reduction or discontinuation of immunosuppression | ||||||
| Calcineurin inhibitor | 26 | 34 | 35 | 29 | 33 | 1 |
| Antimetabolite (azathioprine/mycophenolic acid) | 47 | 98 | 88 | 71 | 72 | 12 |
| Adjustment in corticosteroids | 68 | 40 | 77 | NA | 9 | 2 |
| Azithromycin | 16 | 80 | 31 | 25 | 22 | 45 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 19 | 64 | 11 | 25 | 62 | 12 |
| Antivirals | 50 | 36 | 20 | 8 | 4 | 0 |
| Antibiotics | 45 | NA | 31 | 63 | 39 | 14 |
| Immunotherapy | 0 | 14 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 0 |
| Convalescent plasma | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
Values are presented as median (interquartile range), mean±standard deviation, or percentages.
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; KTX, kidney transplant recipients; ASTREGO, ASTREG research group; NA, data not available; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; ICU, intensive care unit; AKI, acute kidney injury.
a)Data presented from the French study include only those who are hospitalized.