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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 27.
Published in final edited form as: J Biol Rhythms. 2020 May 28;35(4):340–352. doi: 10.1177/0748730420925573

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Vipcre/cre mice display behavioral phenotypes reported in other VIP-deficient mouse models. (A) Representative double-plotted wheel-running actograms illustrating locomotor rhythms in constant darkness. Lighting conditions illustrated by the bar above each actogram (black = darkness, white = light) and by internal shading. (B,. C) Vipcre/cre mice have less precise rhythms (B) and free-running rhythms with shorter period (C). (D) Representative double-plotted wheel-running actograms illustrating response to simulated jetlag. (E-G) Vipcre/cre mice require fewer days to recover from jetlag (E) and display larger phase shifts after the light:dark cycle shift (F-G). Vertical dashed line in panel (F) indicates the phase shift required for reentrainment to the 6-h advance of the light:dark cycle. Italicized numbers below the abscissa in (B) indicate the sample size for all related panels. *Differs from Vip+/+, Tukey’s HSD, p < 0.05.