Table 1.
Baseline Characteristicsa of Participants According to Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Categories in the Offspring and Third Generation Cohorts
| SSB consumption categories (servings) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offspring |
Third Generation |
|||||
| Non-consumers (0–<1/month) | Occasional (1/month–<1/week) | Frequent (≥1/week) | Non-consumers (0–<1/month) | Occasional (1/month–<1/week) | Frequent (≥1/week) | |
| N (%) | 197 (28.5) | 202 (29.2) | 292 (42.3) | 225 (23.8) | 269 (28.5) | 451 (47.7) |
|
| ||||||
| Median intake (serv/week) | 0 | 0.5 | 3.2 | 0 | 0.5 | 3.5 |
|
| ||||||
| Age (y) | 60.8 (± 8.1) | 60.2 (± 8.4) | 58.0 (± 9.0) | 47.9 (± 6.2) | 45.6 (± 6.2) | 43.9 (± 6.0) |
|
| ||||||
| Women (%) | 139 (70.6) | 131 (64.9) | 129 (44.2) | 156 (69.3) | 156 (58.0) | 128 (28.4) |
|
| ||||||
| Current smoker (%) | 9 (4.6) | 16 (7.9) | 27 (9.3) | 17 (7.6) | 13 (4.8) | 46 (10.2) |
|
| ||||||
| Physical activity score (METs/day) | 36.4 (7.2) | 37.5 (6.5) | 36.3 (7.4) | 34.2 (7.5) | 35.3 (7.2) | 35.5 (8.9) |
|
| ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.3 (± 5.3) | 27.5 (± 4.8) | 28.2 (± 4.8) | 27.7 (± 6.0) | 26.7 (± 5.2) | 27.4 (± 4.8) |
|
| ||||||
| Daily energy intake (kcal/day) | 1635.2 (621.4) | 1682.8 (713.0) | 1962.4 (821.4) | 1729.7 (771.3) | 1831.1 (749.7) | 2142.8 (874.0) |
|
| ||||||
| Saturated fatty acids (% energy) | 18.5 (10.0) | 20.0 (11.8) | 23.3 (13.7) | 20.8 (12.5) | 21.2 (11.0) | 27.0 (13.6) |
|
| ||||||
| Whole grain (g/day) | 16.5 (23.8) | 13.8 (21.1) | 14.8 (20.2) | 25.0 (26.4) | 26.9 (23.2) | 24.5 (22.6) |
|
| ||||||
| Fruits (serv/day) | 2.1 (2.0) | 2.1 (1.4) | 2.1 (1.6) | 2.3 (2.0) | 2.2 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.7) |
|
| ||||||
| Vegetables (serv/day) | 2.2 (1.7) | 2.3 (1.7) | 1.9 (1.7) | 1.6 (1.9) | 1.8 (1.6) | 1.7(1.7) |
|
| ||||||
| Nuts (serv/day) | 0.2 (0.4) | 0.1 (0.4) | 0.2 (0.4) | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.2 (0.4) | 0.2 (0.4) |
|
| ||||||
| Fish (serv/day) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.2) |
|
| ||||||
| Diet soda (serv/day) | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.6 (1.0) | 0.5 (1.0) | 0.4 (0.9) |
|
| ||||||
| Coffee intake (serv/week) | 17.5 (10.5) | 17.5 (10.5) | 17.5 (10.5) | 7.0 (10.5) | 17.5 (10.5) | 17.5 (10.5) |
|
| ||||||
| Alcohol (drinks/week) | 4.0 (5.0) | 4.0 (6.0) | 4.0 (6.0) | 3.7 (6.0) | 3.7 (5.1) | 3.7 (6.7) |
|
| ||||||
| AHEI (no SSB) | 53.5 (± 9.9) | 51.2 (± 10.1) | 48.9 (± 9.8) | 56.9 (± 11.0) | 55.9 (± 10.2) | 50.6 (± 10.3) |
|
| ||||||
| Liver phantom ratio | 0.372 (0.040) | 0.367 (0.039) | 0.372 (0.048) | 0.373 (0.031) | 0.365 (0.040) | 0.369 (0.042) |
AHEI, Alternate Healthy Eating Index; BMI, body mass index; METs, metabolic equivalents; serv, servings; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage.
a
Expressed as means (± standard deviation), median (interquartile range), or otherwise stated.