Table 3.

Odds Ratios for the Association Between Change in Beverage Intake (SSB and Diet Soda) From Baseline to End of Follow-up and Risk of NAFLD in the Offspring and Third Generation Cohorts

Cohort and categories of change in beverage intake	Median intake change (servings/week)	No. of cases/N	Multivariable adjusted OR (95% CI)1	P value	Multivariablea and BMI adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
SSB intake
Offspring
Decrease by ½ serv/week	−2	53/205	1.53 (0.88–2.65)	.13	1.51 (0.85–2.68)	.16
Stable	0	30/205	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Increase by ½ serv/week	1.5	30/121	1.87 (1.04–3.39)	.038	2.20 (1.18–4.09)	.01
Third Generation
Decrease by ½ serv/week	−4	58/334	1.12 (0.69–1.08)	.65	1.15 (0.69–1.94)	.59
Stable	0	41/252	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Increase by ½ serv/week	3	39/204	1.32 (0.79–2.23)	.29	1.38 (0.79–2.40)	.26
Pooled
Decrease by ½ serv/week			1.12 (1.08–1.16)	<.001	1.10 (0.77–1.57)	.59
Stable			1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Increase by ½ serv/week			1.54 (1.04–2.28)	.03	1.70 (1.12–2.56)	.01
Diet soda intake
Offspring
Decrease by ½ serv/week	−3	32/158	1.06 (0.64–1.73)	.83	0.83 (0.49–1.39)	.47
Stable	0	55/294	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Increase by ½ serv/week	3.5	26/112	1.26 (0.73–2.16)	.41	1.05 (0.60–1.83)	.87
Third Generation
Decrease by ½ serv/week	−3.5	43/207	1.48 (0.95–2.30)	.08	1.22 (0.76–1.96)	.41
Stable	0	64/449	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Increase by ½ serv/week	3	31/134	1.86 (1.13–3.07)	.02	1.32 (0.77–2.30)	.32
Pooled
Decrease by ½ serv/week			1.27 (0.92–1.77)	.15	1.02 (0.72–1.45)	.90
Stable			1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Increase by ½ serv/week			1.55 (1.08–2.24)	.02	1.18 (0.79–1.74)	.42

AHEI, Alternate Healthy Eating Index; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval;; OR, odds ratio; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage.

^aThe model was adjusted for sex, averages of age, physical activity level, energy intake, coffee intake, AHEI (without SSB), intake of diet soda or SSB, and change in current cigarette smoking status.