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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 27.
Published in final edited form as: Plast Aesthet Res. 2021 Jan 8;8:3. doi: 10.20517/2347-9264.2020.176

Table 1.

Summary of commercially available and commonly studied biologic agents[17,26,66]

EMD PDGF-BB FGF-2 BMP-2 and -7
Endogenous sources Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath BB isoform: osteoblasts, macrophages & endothelial cells. Only AB isoform is derived from platelets and found in blood. Macrophages & endothelial cells Osteoblasts & bone matrix
Composition > 90% amgelogenin, Small % ameloblastin, fetuin A & α-1-antichymotrypsin Protein Protein Protein
Mechanism of action Exact MOA unknown. Believed to play a role in cementogenesis. ↑ chemotaxis of PMNs & monocytes,
↑ endothelial cell chemotaxis, proliferation & differentiation,
↑ fibroblast proliferation & ECM synthesis		 ↑ fibroblast proliferation & ECM synthesis
↑ endothelial cell chemotaxis, proliferation & differentiation
↑ mesenchymal progenitor cell migration		 BMP-2: ↑ mesenchymal osteoprogenitor cell migration
BMP-7: ↑ osteoblast and chondroblast differentiation
FDA approval (Labelled usage) Yes (intrabony, class 2 furcation defects & gingival recession coverage) Yes (intrabony defects, furcations, gingival recession) No BMP-2: Yes (sinus augmentation, socket preservation)

BMP-7: No for dental usage; approved for spinal fusion & long bone non-union treatment
Preclinical and clinical evidence for other usages Clinical evidence for treatment of peri-implantitis-associated defects[20–22] Clinical evidence for GBR[41,149] and peri-implantitis-associated defects[150] Clinical evidence for intrabony defects[57]; pre-clinical evidence for peri-implant defects[151] Clinical evidence for GBR and pre-clinical evidence for peri-implantitis-associated defects[67,77]
Commercial products Emdogain (Straumann) GEM 21S (Lynch Biologics) None yet BMP-2: Infuse Bone Graft (Medtronic)
BMP-7: Osigraft (Stryker Biotech)

↑: increased; EMD: enamel matrix derivative; rhPDGF-BB: recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; PMN: polymorphonuclear leukocyte; ECM: extracellular matrix; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; GBR: guided bone regeneration