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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 27.
Published in final edited form as: Plast Aesthet Res. 2021 Jan 8;8:3. doi: 10.20517/2347-9264.2020.176

Table 4.

Summary of current advancements in gels and hydrogels

Component Fabrication Technique Experimental Model Outcomes Literature support
Calcium phosphate cement + propylene glycol alginate Nonhuman primates: Three-wall intrabony defects The experimental group showed significantly less epithelial downgrowth and enhanced cementum + PDL regeneration compared to the control Wang et al.[122]
GelMa + PDLSC 3D Bioprinting in vitro 3D bioprinting conditions for attaining high resolution, dimensional stability and cell viability of periodontal ligament cells were optimized Thattaruparambil Raveendran et al.[125]
Polyisocyanopeptide + PLGA Electrospraying Rat: ectopic model (subcutaneous implantation) This gel system exhibited tunable drug release, optimal injectability, long-term structural stability and no obvious in vivo inflammatory response Wang et al.[124]

PDL: periodontal ligament; PLGA: poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); PDLSC: periodontal ligament stem cells; GelMa: gelatin methacryloyl