Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics for individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SAD), psychotic bipolar disorder (PBD) and healthy control (HC) participants.
| SZa (n=181) M (SD) | SADb (n=163) M (SD) | PBDc (n=113) M (SD) | HCd (n=236) M (SD) | Post Hoc† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 41.1 (11.4) | 40.4 (10.8) | 38.1 (11.6) | 34.4 (12.6) | a, b, c >d |
| WRAT | 90.2 (14.4) | 93.0 (14.8) | 98.0 (14.9) | 99.6 (12.9) | a, b < d, c |
| Male, n (%) | 97 (54) | 71 (44) | 51 (45) | 99 (42) | a > b, c, d |
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 49 (27) | 51 (31) | 58 (52) | 94 (40) | c, d > a, b |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 92 (51) | 64 (39) | 28 (25) | 68 (29) | a > b > c, d |
| Other/Hispanic | 40 (22) | 48 (29) | 27 (24) | 74 (31) | - |
| PANSS | |||||
| Positive subscale | 16.9 (6.0) | 18.5 (6.7) | 14.8 (6.2) | - | b > c |
| Negative subscale | 16.0 (6.1) | 16.1 (7.1) | 14.7 (6.5) | - | - |
| YMRS | 9.9 (6.2) | 11.8 (7.3) | 9.7 (8.6) | - | - |
| MADRS | 9.7 (8.6) | 15.1 (10.8) | 15.8 (11.8) | - | a < b, c |
| CPZ equivalents, median (IQR) | 337 (365) | 337 (357) | 237 (327) | - | - |
| Medications with anticholinergic properties, median (IQR) | 3 (2) | 3 (3) | 3 (2) | - | - |
| Medications | |||||
| Any antipsychotic | 139 (77) | 124 (76) | 78 (69) | 0 (0) | - |
| Any psychotropic | 151 (84) | 142 (87) | 102 (90) | 11 (5) | - |
| Any antidepressant | 73 (41) | 82 (50) | 55 (49) | 4 (2) | - |
| Any mood stabilizer | 34 (19) | 74 (45) | 70 (62) | 3 (1) | c > b > a |
| Lithium | 6 (3) | 20 (12) | 25 (22) | 0 (0) | c > b > a |
| Any anticonvulsant | 28 (15) | 67 (41) | 56 (50) | 3 (1) | c, b > a |
| Anxiolytic/sedatives/hypnotic | 22 (12) | 29 (18) | 35 (31) | 3 (1) | c > a, b |
| Anticholinergic/antiparkinsonian | 33 (18) | 19 (12) | 4 (4) | 0 (0) | a, b > c |
| Stimulant | 3 (2) | 6 (4) | 10 (9) | 2 (1) | c > a, b |
| Any analgesic/anti-inflammatory/muscle relaxants | 29 (16) | 49 (30) | 23 (20) | 22 (9) | b > c > a |
Note. WRAT=Wide Range Achievement Test-IV: Reading test; PANSS=Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; YMRS=Young Mania Rating Scale; MADRS=Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale;
†
Post hoc tests were computed when the omnibus F-test, Kruskal-Wallis, or χ2 was significant at P<0.05; For medication data, group comparisons are only made between diagnostics groups.