Table 2.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics by Biotype and healthy control (HC) participants.
| Biotype 1a (n=115) M (SD) | Biotype 2b (n=132) M (SD) | Biotype 3c (n=158) M (SD) | HCd (n=236) M (SD) | Post Hoc† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 41.6 (10.4) | 40.4 (10.4) | 39.3 (11.9) | 34.4 (12.6) | a, b, c, > d |
| WRAT | 86.8 (13.5) | 91.2 (14.3) | 99.7 (14.2) | 99.6 (12.9) | a , b < c, d |
| Male, n (%) | 99 (42) | 55 (48) | 44 (33) | 91 (42) | c < a, d < b |
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 94 (40) | 29 (25) | 43 (33) | 94 (40) | b, c < a, d |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 68 (29) | 60 (52) | 54 (41) | 68 (29) | b > c > a, d |
| Other/Hispanic | 74 (31) | 26 (23) | 35 (26) | 73 (31) | - |
| PANSS | |||||
| Positive subscale | 18.9 (6.7) | 18.1 (7.0) | 14.9 (5.5) | - | a, b > c |
| Negative subscale | 18.7 (6.4) | 16.7 (6.8) | 13.2 (5.6) | - | a, b > c |
| YMRS | 11.7 (7.0) | 11.1 (7.6) | 9.7 (7.5) | - | - |
| MADRS | 15.5 (11.3) | 14.1 (11.0) | 12.0 (10.0) | - | - |
| CPZ equivalents, median (IQR) | 337 (300) | 245 (367) | 337 (370) | - | - |
| Medications with anticholinergic properties, median (IQR) | 3 (3) | 3 (2) | 3 (2) | - | - |
| Medications | |||||
| Any antipsychotic | 104 (85) | 95 (79) | 111 (69) | 0 (0) | a > c |
| Any psychotropic | 111 (91) | 107 (88) | 137 (85) | 11 (5) | - |
| Any antidepressant | 62 (51) | 58 (48) | 67 (42) | 4 (2) | - |
| Any mood stabilizer | 48 (39) | 46 (38) | 69 (43) | 3 (1) | - |
| Lithium | 14 (11) | 18 (15) | 13 (8) | 0 (0) | - |
| Any anticonvulsant | 41 (34) | 37 (31) | 60 (37) | 3 (1) | - |
| Anxiolytic/sedatives/hypnotic | 28 (23) | 26 (21) | 23 (14) | 3 (1) | - |
| Anticholinergic/antiparkinsonian | 13 (11) | 14 (12) | 23 (14) | 0 (0) | - |
| Stimulant | 3 (2) | 5 (4) | 10 (6) | 2 (1) | - |
| Any analgesic/anti-inflammatory/muscle relaxants | 24 (20) | 36 (30) | 30 (19) | 22 (9) | - |
Note. WRAT=Wide Range Achievement Test-IV: Reading test; PANSS=Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; YMRS=Young Mania Rating Scale; MADRS=Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale;
†
Post hoc tests were computed when the omnibus F-test, Kruskal-Wallis, or χ2 was significant at P<0.05. For medication data, group comparisons are only made between diagnostics groups.