Table 1.

Glaucoma Biomarker Gene Catalogue

Biomarker Gene	Literature Reference	Change in Expression (↑↓)/Seq. Variant (*)/Autoantibody Target (#)	Cell/Tissue Type
ABC1	Golubnitschaja & Flammer 200770	↑	Blood, aqueous humor
AIF	Tezel et al, 201240	↑, #	Retina
ANP	Nath et al, 201771	↑	Leukocytes
ANX1	Tezel et al, 201240	#	Serum
AP2TF	Golubnitschaja & Flammer, 200770	↑	Leukocytes
ATOH7	Bhattacharya et al, 201372	*	Review
BDNF	Ghaffariyeh et al, 201173	↓	Serum
BIRC6	Tezel et al, 201240	#	Serum
CALD1	Beutgen et al, 201933	↓	Serum
CAT	Nath et al, 201771	↓	Plasma
CAV1	Bhattacharya et al, 201372	*	Review
CAV2	Bhattacharya et al, 201372	*	Review
CBP	Tezel et al, 201240	↑, #	Serum
CD23	Golubnitschaja & Flammer, 200770	↑	Leukocytes
CDKN2BAS	Bhattacharya et al, 201372	*	Blood
CDR1	Schmelter et al, 201774	*	Blood
CDR2	Schmelter et al, 201774	*	Blood
CDR3	Schmelter et al, 201774	*	Blood
CYP46A1	Fourgeux et al, 200975	*	Blood
DHC1	Tezel et al, 201240	#	Serum
EFNA1	Tezel et al, 201240	↑,#	Serum
ENO1	Beutgen et al, 201933	#	Serum
EPO	Sun et al, 202076	↑	Aqueous humor
ET1	Nath et al, 201771	↑	Plasma
GAS7	Bhattacharya et al, 201372	*	Review
GPX	Nath et al, 201771	↓	Aqueous humor, Serum
HSPA1B	Beutgen et al, 201933	#	Serum
HSPD1	Beutgen et al, 201933	#	Serum
HTT	Tezel et al, 201240	#	Serum
IL2	Nath et al, 201771	↑	Blood
ITK	Golubnitschaja & Flammer, 200770	↑	Leukocytes
LOX1	Bhattacharya et al, 201372	*	Review
MDA	Nath et al, 201771	↑	Plasma
MMP9	Golubnitschaja & Flammer, 200770	↑	Leukocytes
MT1MMP	Golubnitschaja & Flammer, 200770	↑	Leukocytes
NCAM1	Tezel et al, 201240	#	Serum
NFRKB	Tezel et al, 201240	#	Serum
NLRP2	Tezel et al, 201240	#	Serum
P53	Golubnitschaja & Flammer, 200770	↑	Leukocytes
PGAM1	Beutgen et al, 201933	↑, #	Serum
SIX1	Bhattacharya et al, 201372	*	Review
SOD	Nath et al, 201771	↓	Aqueous humor, Serum
TAC	Nath et al, 201771	↓	Serum
TIGR	Golubnitschaja & Flammer, 200770	–	Leukocytes
TMCO1	Bhattacharya et al, 201372	*	n/a
VDAC2	Beutgen et al, 201933	#	Serum
VEGFA	Sun et al, 202076	↑	Aqueous humor
VIM	Beutgen et al, 201933	#	Serum
XAPC7	Golubnitschaja & Flammer, 200770	↑	Leukocytes
XPGC	Golubnitschaja & Flammer, 200770	↓	Leukocytes

Notes: Two reviews and 9 original research articles were used to identify potential glaucoma biomarkers. Column two indicates the reference for each gene identified in a study of human glaucoma patients. Column three indicates additional information from the study as follows: upregulated with glaucoma (↑), downregulated with glaucoma (↓), presence of a sequence variant (*), targeted by autoantibodies (#). Column four indicates the type of sample collected for each study or if the reference was from a review article. Please note that the majority of these samples were not collected from eye tissue.