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. 2022 Jun 27;18(7):774–781. doi: 10.1038/s41589-022-01054-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 8 — a, The cyclization mechanism for lanosterol (2), lanostadienol (4), parkeol (3) and cycloartenol. Protonation, cyclization, and rearrangement of 2, 3 oxidosqualene (1) to a central protosteryl cation (C20). Rearrangement of C20 cation lead to either C8 or C9 cations depending on type of OSC involved. Deprotonation at C7 of C8 cation lead to lanostadienol (4) and deprotonation at C11 of C9 cation lead to parkeol (3). Lanosterol (2) and cycloartenol are derived from C8 and C9 cations, respectively. b, OSC sequence alignment of 24 active site residue positions of echinoderms and others (sequences given in Supplementary Notes 2). c, OSC active site region is shown in yellow and region encompassing 5Å around lanosterol is in blue. d, GC-MS TICs of yeast extracts expressing AjPS^a-WT and its mutants AjPS^a-L436F, AjPS^a-L436Q. Peaks marked with asterisks are undesired modifications of the PS product in yeast. e-f, TICs and EICs (m/z 426) of yeast extracts expressing SpLSS-WT and its mutants SpLSS-F440L, SpLSS-F440Q. Standards: 2, lanosterol; 4, lanostadienol; 3, parkeol.