Table 1.

IPSS, AMS, AMS-SEX, and IIEF-5 during the course of treatment

	Baseline (n = 83)	3 months (n = 83)	6 months (n = 83)	12 months (n = 83)	24 months (n = 55)
IPSS total, range 0–35
Mean (SD)	15.6 (3.4)	12.0 (4.0)	10.7 (3.6)	10.9 (3.7)	10.1 (2.7)
Median (min; max)	15.0 [10; 32]	12.0 [3; 25]	11.0 [2; 21]	11.0 [3; 24]	10.0 [3; 17]
Mean change [95% CI]		− 3.6 [− 4.3 to − 2.9]	− 4.9 [− 5.7 to − 4.1]	− 4.7 [− 5.4 to − 3.9]	− 5.1 [− 5.9 to − 4.3]
IPSS-QoL, range 0–6
Mean (SD)	3.4 (0.9)	2.7 (1.0)	2.4 (0.8)	2.3 (0.7)	2.1 (0.7)
Median (min; max)	3 [1; 6]	3 [0; 5]	2 [1; 4]	2 [1; 4]	2 [0; 4]
AMS total score, range 17–85
Mean (SD)	24.0 (9.7)	23.4 (8.9)	23.6 (9.1)	23.6 (9.0)	23.5 (8.8)
Median (min; max)	20.0 [17; 59]	19.0 [17; 59]	18.0 [17; 62]	20.6 [17; 59]	17.0 [17; 54]
Mean change [95% CI]		− 0.2 [− 0.9 to 0.4]	− 0.4 [− 1.2 to 0.4]	− 0.5 [− 1.2 to 0.1]	0.0 [− 1.0 to 1.0]
AMS-SEX subscale, range 5–25
Mean (SD)	7.7 (3.7)	7.7 (3.4)	7.8 (3.7)	7.9 (3.7)	7.9 (3.8)
Median (min; max)	5.0 [5; 19]	5.0 [5; 17]	5.0 [5; 18]	5.0 [5; 17]	5.0 [5; 19]
Mean change [95% CI]		− 0.0 [− 0.5 to 0.5]	0.1 [− 0.2 to 0.4]	0.1 [− 0.2 to 0.5]	0.3 [− 0.2 to 0.7]
IIEF-5 score, range 1–25
Mean (SD)	16.4 (5.7)	16.6 (6.0)	16.9 (6.0)	16.7 (6.3)	15.7 (7.0)
Median (min; max)	19.0 [1; 25]	20.0 [1; 25]	20.0 [1; 25]	20.0 [1; 24]	20.0 [1; 24]
Mean change [95% CI]		0.2 [− 0.4 to 0.8]	0.5 [− 0.3 to 1.3]	0.3 [− 0.5 to 1.1]	− 0.7 [− 2.0 to 0.6]

AMS Aging Male's Symptoms: 17 questions with a 5-point rating scale and scores range from 17 to 85; higher scores indicate a greater negative impact on quality of life as follows: none/little 17–26, mild 27–36, moderate 37–49, severe 50–85 [21]

AMS-SEX AMS sexual subscore, 5-item sexual domain of the AMS; scores range from 5 to 25

IIEF-5 abridged International Index Of Erectile Function (5 questions) with a 5-point scale; scores range from 1 to 25 to specify the degree of erectile dysfunction (ED) as follows: severe 1–7, mild 8–11, mild to moderate: 12–16, mild: 17–21, no ED (> 21) [22]