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. 2022 Jun 27;12:10851. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14211-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) of the number of small EVs (< 200 nm) in each fraction isolated from the plasma of (a) humans and (b) felines by SEC. Protein concentration (-0-) of each fraction isolated by SEC from the plasma of (a) humans and (b) felines by BCA. (a) The enrichment of small EVs in human plasma within fractions 7–10 is shown. The protein concentration also increases in later fractions, with fractions 11 and 12 containing substantially more protein than previous fractions. (b) The enrichment of small EVs in feline plasma within fractions 7–10 is shown. The protein concentration increases in later fractions, with fractions 11 and 12 containing substantially more protein than previous fractions. This figure confirms that the majority of small EVs are contained in fractions 7–10, while fractions 11 and 12 from both human and feline plasma contain substantially more co-isolated contaminating protein than previous fractions. A high protein to particle ratio has been shown to indicate contamination by plasma proteins⁵.