Table 2.

Results of glucose level prediction (Mean ± SD) evaluated on 12 clinical T1D subjects.

Prediction horizons	15 min	30 min	45 min	60 min	60 min (Baseline34)
RMSE (mg/dL)	10.15 ± 1.67	20.92 ± 3.55	28.99 ± 4.41	35.28 ± 5.77	37.18 ± 6.09**
gRMSE (mg/dL)	12.14 ± 2.06	26.07 ± 4.47	37.20 ± 5.97	46.26 ± 7.73	49.04 ± 8.50**
MAE (mg/dL)	7.21 ± 1.09	15.06 ± 2.36	21.15 ± 3.15	26.11 ± 4.36	27.77 ± 4.89**
MAPE (%)	5.07 ± 0.97	10.62 ± 2.03	14.94 ± 2.77	18.53 ± 3.78	19.23 ± 4.07**
Time lag (min)	1.39 ± 1.06	7.37 ± 5.18	14.00 ± 7.24	17.63 ± 11.39	21.57 ± 11.41

Root mean square error (RMSE), glucose-specific RMSE (gRMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and the time lag are employed as metrics. The best performance of the baseline methods (CRNN³⁴) is presented.

The significance is indicated as **p < 0.01.