TABLE 2.

Unit root testing.

	ADF		PP		DF-GLS		Decision
	I (0)	I (1)	I (0)	I (1)	I (0)	I (1)	ADF	PP	DF-GLS
Happiness	–0.425	−3.665**	–0.521	−2.977*	–0.231	−3.564***	I (1)	I (1)	I (1)
Education	–0.102	−2.754*	–0.132	−3.654**	–1.152	−3.856***	I (1)	I (1)	I (1)
Internet	−3.452**		−3.210**		–0.754	−2.354**	I (0)	I (0)	I (1)
GDP	−2.654*		−2.703*		−2.134*		I (0)	I (0)	I (0)
FD	–0.254	−3.987***	–0.878	−3.879***	–0.287	−3.889***	I (1)	I (1)	I (1)
URBAN	−3.854***		−3.898***		−3.210***		I (0)	I (0)	I (0)

***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; and *p < 0.1.