Table 1.
Description of the sample of undergraduate students from the Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG) in 2019 (N = 996) and of the institutions participating in the multi-center study in 2020/2021: FURG (N = 1437), Amazonas State University (UEA) (N = 1101), Fluminense Federal University (UFF) (N = 1132), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) (N = 1762), and Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) (N = 288)
| Variables | 2020/2021 | p** | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | FURG | UEA | UFF | UFMT | UFPRE | Total | ||
| FURG | p* | |||||||
| Sex | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Male | 359 (36.1%) | 428 (29.8%) | 405 (36.8%) | 364 (32.2%) | 590 (33.5%) | 115 (39.9%) | 1902 (33.3%) | |
| Female | 635 (63.9%) | 1009 (70.2%) | 696 (63.2%) | 768 (67.8%) | 1172 (66.5%) | 173 (60.1%) | 3818 (66.7%) | |
| Sexual orientation | 0.015 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Heterosexual | 769 (77.8%) | 907 (73.4%) | 697 (72.5%) | 617 (61.4%) | 1.071 (71.4%) | 173 (66.5%) | 3465 (69.8%) | |
| Homo/bi/pansexual | 219 (22.2%) | 329 (26.6%) | 264 (27.5%) | 388 (38.6%) | 428 (28.6%) | 87 (33.5%) | 1496 (30.2%) | |
| Age | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 18–24 years | 694 (69.7%) | 837 (58.3%) | 815 (74.0%) | 778 (68.7%) | 1242 (70.5%) | 202 (70.1%) | 3874 (67.7%) | |
| 25–31 years | 173 (17.4%) | 292 (20.3%) | 170 (15.4%) | 217 (19.2%) | 302 (17.1%) | 59 (20.5%) | 1040 (18.2%) | |
| 32 years or more | 128 (12.9%) | 307 (21.4%) | 116 (10.6%) | 137 (12.1%) | 218 (12.4%) | 27 (9.4%) | 805 (14.1%) | |
| Race and ethnicity | 0.002 | <0.001 | ||||||
| White | 732 (73.6%) | 974 (67.8%) | 334 (30.3%) | 645 (57.0%) | 702 (39.8%) | 109 (37.9%) | 2764 (48.3%) | |
| Black, brown, or other | 262 (26.4%) | 463 (32.2%) | 767 (69.7%) | 487 (43.0%) | 1060 (60.2%) | 179 (62.1%) | 2956 (51.7%) | |
| Income per capita (median in each quintile) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 1st quintile (poorest) | R$420 | R$300 | R$225 | R$248 | R$333 | R$286 | R$275 | |
| 2nd quintile | R$833 | R$600 | R$592 | R$600 | R$600 | R$600 | R$600 | |
| 3rd quintile | R$1300 | R$1000 | R$1000 | R$1000 | R$1000 | R$1000 | R$1000 | |
| 4th quintile | R$2000 | R$1500 | R$1667 | R$1500 | R$1592 | R$1557 | R$1531 | |
| 5th quintile (richest) | R$3750 | R$3000 | R$3400 | R$3500 | R$3500 | R$3000 | R$3375 | |
| Housing status | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Lives with family members | 625 (66.4%) | 1229 (85.7%) | 1026 (93.3%) | 1039 (91.8%) | 1526 (86.9%) | 271 (94.4%) | 5091 (89.1%) | |
| Lives alone | 150 (16.0%) | 121 (8.4%) | 49 (4.5%) | 48 (4.2%) | 143 (8.1%) | 10 (3.5%) | 371 (6.5%) | |
| Lives with friends/peers | 166 (17.6%) | 85 (5.9%) | 25 (2.3%) | 45 (4.0%) | 88 (5.0%) | 6 (2.1%) | 249 (4.4%) | |
| Housing quality | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Better | 687 (70.2%) | 904 (62.9%) | 549 (49.9%) | 932 (82.3%) | 1104 (62.7%) | 166 (57.6%) | 3655 (63.9%) | |
| Worse | 291 (29.8%) | 533 (37.1%) | 552 (50.1%) | 200 (17.7%) | 658 (37.3%) | 122 (42.4%) | 2065 (36.1%) | |
| Food insecurity | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| No | 685 (69.5%) | 547 (44.5%) | 312 (32.9%) | 552 (55.5%) | 723 (48.9%) | 106 (40.9%) | 2240 (45.6%) | |
| Yes | 301 (30.5%) | 682 (55.5%) | 636 (67.1%) | 443 (44.5%) | 756 (51.1%) | 153 (59.1%) | 2670 (54.4%) | |
| Social support | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Low | 59 (6.5%) | 169 (13.9%) | 137 (14.6%) | 82 (8.4%) | 229 (15.7%) | 33 (12.8%) | 650 (13.4%) | |
| Medium | 452 (49.2%) | 621 (50.9%) | 533 (56.9%) | 514 (52.2%) | 773 (52.9%) | 144 (55.8%) | 2585 (53.2%) | |
| High | 407 (44.3%) | 430 (35.2%) | 266 (28.4%) | 388 (39.4%) | 459 (31.4%) | 81 (31.4%) | 1624 (33.4%) | |
| Desired course on entry | 0.216 | 0.001 | ||||||
| No | 243 (24.5%) | 321 (22.3%) | 272 (24.7%) | 228 (20.1%) | 445 (25.3%) | 49 (17.0%) | 1315 (23.0%) | |
| Yes | 749 (75.5%) | 1116 (77.7%) | 829 (75.3%) | 904 (79.9%) | 1317 (74.7%) | 239 (83.0%) | 4405 (77.0%) | |
| Satisfaction with current course | 0.002 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Not at all/unsatisfied | 87 (8.8%) | 192 (13.4%) | 192 (17.4%) | 141 (12.5%) | 290 (16.5%) | 26 (9.1%) | 841 (14.7%) | |
| Moderately satisfied | 376 (37.9%) | 516 (35.9%) | 473 (43.0%) | 404 (45.7%) | 653 (37.1%) | 108 (37.8%) | 2154 (37.7%) | |
| Very/totally satisfied | 530 (53.3%) | 728 (50.7%) | 436 (39.6%) | 587 (51.8%) | 818 (46.4%) | 152 (53.1%) | 2721 (47.6%) | |
| Physical activity in the previous week | <0.001 | 0.058 | ||||||
| No | 332 (36.9%) | 669 (46.8%) | 540 (49.1%) | 567 (50.1%) | 881 (50.3%) | 123 (42.7%) | 2780 (48.8%) | |
| Yes | 568 (63.1%) | 761 (53.2%) | 559 (50.9%) | 564 (49.9%) | 869 (49.7%) | 165 (57.3%) | 2918 (51.2%) | |
| Generalized anxiety | 0.068 | 0.001 | ||||||
| No | 671 (69.1%) | 867 (65.5%) | 675 (66.0%) | 624 (58.7%) | 1050 (65.6%) | 170 (61.1%) | 3386 (64.0%) | |
| Yes | 300 (30.9%) | 457 (34.5%) | 348 (34.0%) | 438 (41.3%) | 550 (34.4%) | 108 (38.9%) | 1902 (36.0%) | |
| Depression | <0.001 | 0.017 | ||||||
| No | 610 (61.7%) | 577 (45.3%) | 455 (46.0%) | 415 (40.1%) | 717 (46.4%) | 126 (46.7%) | 2290 (44.8%) | |
| Yes | 378 (38.3%) | 692 (54.7%) | 535 (54.0%) | 621 (59.9%) | 829 (53.6%) | 144 (53.3%) | 2825 (55.2%) | |
| Stress | 0.107 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Less stressed (1st–3rd quartiles) | 690 (76.0%) | 1053 (78.9%) | 801 (77.2%) | 715 (66.6%) | 1245 (76.7%) | 203 (72.2%) | 4017 (75.1%) | |
| More stressed (4th quartile) | 218 (24.0%) | 282 (21.1%) | 237 (22.8%) | 358 (33.4%) | 378 (23.3%) | 78 (27.8%) | 1333 (24.9%) | |
| High risk of suicide | <0.001 | 0.003 | ||||||
| No | 875 (88.7%) | 1057 (83.0%) | 763 (77.1%) | 852 (82.2%) | 1225 (79.2%) | 218 (80.7%) | 4115 (80.4%) | |
| Yes | 111 (11.3%) | 217 (17.0%) | 227 (22.9%) | 184 (17.8%) | 322 (20.8%) | 52 (19.3%) | 1002 (19.6%) | |
| Number of days left the home in the last 2 weeks | <0.001 | |||||||
| None | – | 62 (4.5%) | 87 (8.2%) | 46 (4.2%) | 77 (4.6%) | 11 (3.9%) | 283 (5.2%) | |
| 1–5 days | – | 805 (58.7%) | 539 (50.7%) | 693 (63.0%) | 911 (54.6%) | 151 (53.1%) | 3099 (56.4%) | |
| 6–10 days | – | 285 (20.8%) | 231 (21.8%) | 225 (20.4%) | 323 (19.4%) | 75 (26.4%) | 1139 (20.8%) | |
| 11–14 days | – | 220 (16.0%) | 205 (19.3%) | 136 (12.4%) | 358 (21.4%) | 47 (16.6%) | 966 (17.6%) | |
| Number of days accessed information about the COVID-19 pandemic in the last week | <0.001 | |||||||
| None | – | 237 (17.3%) | 155 (14.6%) | 173 (15.7%) | 361 (21.6%) | 48 (16.9%) | 974 (17.8%) | |
| 1–3 days | – | 469 (34.2%) | 330 (31.1%) | 373 (33.9%) | 597 (35.8%) | 77 (27.1%) | 1846 (33.6%) | |
| 4–6 days | – | 236 (17.2%) | 196 (18.5%) | 190 (17.3%) | 268 (16.1%) | 43 (15.1%) | 933 (17.0%) | |
| 7 days | – | 429 (31.3%) | 381 (35.8%) | 364 (33.1%) | 442 (26.5%) | 116 (40.9%) | 1732 (31.6%) | |
| Income during the pandemic | <0.001 | |||||||
| Increased | – | 108 (7.5%) | 95 (8.6%) | 120 (10.6%) | 134 (7.6%) | 39 (13.5%) | 496 (8.7%) | |
| Remained the same | – | 448 (31.2%) | 310 (28.2%) | 372 (32.9%) | 637 (36.2%) | 85 (20.5%) | 1852 (32.4%) | |
| Decreased | – | 828 (57.6%) | 648 (58.8%) | 625 (55.2%) | 957 (54.3%) | 159 (55.2%) | 3217 (56.2%) | |
| Had no income | – | 53 (3.7%) | 48 (4.4%) | 15 (1.3%) | 34 (1.9%) | 5 (1.8%) | 155 (2.7%) | |
| Risk factor for worsening COVID-19 | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | – | 862 (60.0%) | 760 (69.0%) | 716 (63.2%) | 1139 (64.6%) | 210 (72.9%) | 3687 (64.5%) | |
| Yes | – | 574 (40.0%) | 341 (31.0%) | 416 (36.8%) | 623 (35.4%) | 78 (27.1%) | 2033 (35.6%) | |
| Infection by COVID-19 | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | – | 1318 (96.1%) | 897 (84.4%) | 1015 (92.4%) | 1555 (93.2%) | 270 (95.1%) | 5055 (92.2%) | |
| Yes | – | 53 (3.9%) | 165 (15.6%) | 84 (7.6%) | 114 (6.8%) | 14 (4.9%) | 430 (7.8%) | |
| Concern about delay in graduation due to COVID-19 pandemic | <0.001 | |||||||
| Not at all/a little concerned | – | 225 (15.7%) | 127 (11.5%) | 189 (16.7%) | 309 (17.5%) | 34 (11.8%) | 884 (15.5%) | |
| Moderately concerned | – | 402 (28.0%) | 292 (26.5%) | 382 (33.8%) | 507 (28.8%) | 72 (25.0%) | 1655 (28.9%) | |
| Very/extremely concerned | – | 810 (56.3%) | 682 (61.9%) | 561 (49.5%) | 946 (53.7%) | 182 (63.2%) | 3181 (55.6%) | |
| Infection of close person by COVID-19 | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | – | 498 (34.7%) | 138 (12.5%) | 190 (16.8%) | 390 (22.1%) | 51 (17.7%) | 1267 (22.2%) | |
| Yes | – | 939 (65.3%) | 963 (87.5%) | 942 (83.2%) | 1372 (77.9%) | 237 (82.3%) | 4453 (77.8%) | |
| Death of close person from COVID-19 | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | – | 1123 (78.1%) | 542 (49.2%) | 793 (70.0%) | 1233 (70.0%) | 204 (70.8%) | 3895 (68.1%) | |
| Yes | – | 314 (21.9%) | 559 (50.8%) | 339 (30.0%) | 529 (30.0%) | 94 (29.2%) | 1825 (31.9%) | |
| Fear of COVID-19 | 0.001 | |||||||
| A little | – | 505 (37.0%) | 367 (35.6%) | 375 (34.1%) | 656 (39.4%) | 95 (33.5%) | 1998 (36.5%) | |
| Moderate | – | 539 (39.4%) | 431 (40.6%) | 455 (41.4%) | 702 (42.1%) | 124 (43.7%) | 2251 (41.1%) | |
| Very | – | 322 (23.6%) | 263 (24.8%) | 269 (24.5%) | 308 (18.5%) | 65 (22.9%) | 1227 (22.4%) | |
SABES-Grad Study, Brazil, 2021.
Notes: *p value of the χ2 test to measure the difference in the proportions of the categories at FURG between 2019 and 2020; **p value of the χ2 test to measure the difference in the proportions of the categories between the five universities in the 2020/2021 collection. There are variations in the absolute values of valid responses according to the categories in each institution, due to information lost from incomplete filling out of some blocks of the questionnaire.