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. 2022 Jun 14;13:927746. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927746

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Copyright © 2022 De Backer, Van Breusegem and De Clercq.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overview of different membrane topologies for membrane-bound TFs (MB-TFs). (A) MB-TFs with the transmembrane domain (TMD) at the C-terminal side of the transcription factor family domain (TFFD) and a type-II membrane topology. (B) MB-TFs with the TMD at the C-terminal side of TFFD and a type-I membrane topology. (C) MB-TFs with the TMD at the N-terminal side of TFFD and a type-I membrane topology. (D) MB- TFs with the TMD at the N-terminal side of TFFD and a type-II membrane topology. (E) MB-TFs with the TMD overlapping with the TFFD.