Table 3.

Perfusion area density throughout the study (Mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range)).

		Caffeine visit	Placebo visit
	Centre 1‐mm (%)
	Baseline	18.8 (7.4)	20.2 ± 4.6
	30‐min	19.3 ± 4.7	19.5 ± 4.9
	60‐min	19.3 ± 4.5	19.3 ± 4.4
	120‐min	19.1 ± 4.0	19.1 ± 4.5
	180‐min	18.4 ± 4.9*	19.4 ± 4.5
	GEE	Time, p < 0.01; Visit ×× Time: p = 0.12
	1‐3 mm annulus (%)
	Baseline	39.2 ± 1.2	39.0 ± 1.2
	30‐min	38.7 ± 2.0	38.7 ± 1.7
	60‐min	38.6 ± 1.8	38.7 ± 1.5
	120‐min	38.3 ± 1.8	38.2 ± 1.6
	180‐min	38.5 (2.5)	38.6 ± 1.5
	GEE	Time, p < 0.01; Visit × Time: p = 0.44
	3‐mm full circle (%)
	Baseline	37.7 (2.4)	36.9 ± 1.2
	30‐min	36.5 ± 1.9	36.6 ± 1.7
	60‐min	36.4 ± 1.7	36.6 ± 1.2
	120‐min	36.1 ± 1.7	36.1 ± 1.6
	180‐min	36.4 (1.9)	36.5 ± 1.4
	GEE	Time, p < 0.01; Visit × Time: p = 0.62

GEE: generalized estimating equation.

* significant difference compared with baseline.