Table 2.
Summary of the basic characteristics of the included studies.
| Reference | Interventions |
No. of subjects enrolled |
Age (years, mean ± SD) |
Sex (M/F) |
APACHE II score |
Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| He et al. (6) | TPN+Gln | 20 | 39.4 ± 8.6 | 11/9 | Unstates | A, D, E, F, G, K |
| TPN | 21 | 40.2 ± 7.8 | 11/10 | Unstates | ||
| Guo et al. (34) | TPN+Gln | 20 | Unstates | 12/8 | Unstates | A, G |
| TPN | 21 | Unstates | 14/7 | Unstates | ||
| Ding et al. (29) | TPN+Gln | 10 | Unstates | Unstates | Unstates | G, J |
| TPN | 10 | Unstates | Unstates | Unstates | ||
| Fuentes-Orozco (12) | TPN+Gln | 22 | 43.8 ± 14.4 | 12/10 | 10.3 ± 1.6 | A, C, D, G, I, J |
| TPN | 22 | 41.5 ± 14.2 | 12/10 | 10.7 ± 1.9 | ||
| Gu et al. (32) | TPN+Gln | 30 | Unstates | Unstates | Unstates | G |
| TPN | 30 | Unstates | Unstates | Unstates | ||
| Tong et al. (41) | EEN+Gln | 16 | 41.5 ± 10.8 | 10/6 | 12.1 ± 3.7 | B, I, J |
| EEN | 16 | 41.9 ± 11.4 | 9/7 | 12.1 ± 3.7 | ||
| Wang et al. (44) | TPN+Gln | 23 | Unstates | Unstates | Unstates | A, D, E, F, G, K |
| TPN | 25 | Unstates | Unstates | Unstates | ||
| Huang et al. (35) | TPN+Gln | 24 | 63.6 ± 6.2 | 18/6 | 20.8 ± 3.5 | B, G, I, J |
| TPN | 24 | 62.4 ± 4.8 | 16/8 | 21.0 ± 3.2 | ||
| Wu et al. (45) | EEN+Gln | 15 | 37.24 ± 3.56 | 9/6 | Unstates | A, D, F, G |
| EEN | 15 | 38.61 ± 2.51 | 10/5 | Unstates | ||
| Yang et al. (47) | EEN+Gln | 14 | 42.82 ± 9.02 | 7/7 | 9.14 ± 0.77 | B, C, D, I, J |
| EEN | 14 | 43.25 ± 8.73 | 7/7 | 9.21 ± 0.89 | ||
| Ran et al. (38) | TPN+Gln | 25 | 54.3 ± 16.2 | 18/7 | 9.9 ± 2.4 | B, C, D, G, H, I, J |
| TPN | 25 | 56.2 ± 15.9 | 20/5 | 9.5 ± 2.3 | ||
| Jin et al. (36) | EEN+Gln | 26 | Unstates | Unstates | 12.5 ± 4.1 | A, B, D, F |
| EEN | 23 | Unstates | Unstates | 12.0 ± 5.0 | ||
| Singh et al. (52) | EEN+Gln | 41 | 40.78 ± 15.5 | 24/27 | 8.7 ± 4.4 | A, F |
| EEN | 39 | 35.64 ± 13.0 | 25/14 | 7.1 ± 2.5 | ||
| Wa et al. (42) | EEN+Gln | 54 | 59.3 ± 3.9 | 28/26 | 10.4 ± 1.2 | B, G, H, I |
| EEN | 54 | 62.4 ± 4.1 | 31/23 | 10.5 ± 1.2 | ||
| Liu et al. (17) | TPN+Gln | 24 | 40 ± 3.96 | 15/9 | Unstates | A, C, D, F |
| TPN | 23 | 39.13 ± 4.46 | 14/9 | Unstates | ||
| Lei et al. (37) | EEN+Gln | 38 | Unstates | Unstates | 16.5 ± 1.7 | A, B, D, F, I, J, L |
| EEN | 38 | Unstates | Unstates | 15.9 ± 2.2 | ||
| Yin et al. (49) | TPN+Gln | 20 | 41 ± 3.2 | Unstates | Unstates | A, D, E, F, G, K |
| TPN | 20 | 41 ± 3.2 | Unstates | Unstates | ||
| Wang et al. (43) | EEN+Gln | 49 | 51.85 ± 3.49 | 29/20 | 9.59 ± 1.33 | G, I |
| EEN | 49 | 51.83 ± 3.52 | 28/21 | 9.63 ± 1.31 | ||
| Yang et al. (46) | EEN+Gln | 34 | Unstates | 22/12 | 11.98 ± 1.42 | I |
| EEN | 34 | Unstates | 21/13 | 12.08 ± 1.36 | ||
| Zhao et al. (51) | EEN+Gln | 48 | 58.6 ± 3.8 | Unstates | 10.6 ± 1.2 | B, G, I |
| EEN | 48 | 58.6 ± 3.8 | Unstates | 10.4 ± 1.2 | ||
| Cui et al. (28) | EEN+Gln | 47 | 52.7 ± 8.3 | 32/15 | 9.7 ± 2.5 | G, I, J |
| EEN | 47 | 53.5 ± 8.8 | 34/13 | 9.8 ± 2.7 | ||
| Gao et al. (31) | EEN+Gln | 45 | 47.93 ± 6.24 | 24/21 | Unstates | B, G, I |
| EEN | 45 | 48.56 ± 6.37 | 25/20 | Unstates | ||
| Yuan et al. (50) | EEN+Gln | 23 | 51.32 ± 11.65 | Unstates | Unstates | I, J |
| EEN | 24 | 51.32 ± 11.65 | Unstates | Unstates | ||
| Arutla et al. (53) | EEN+Gln | 18 | 38.11 ± 16.3 | 17/11 | 8.6 ± 4.5 | A, C, D, I |
| EEN | 22 | 39.77 ± 15.1 | 20/2 | 8.76 ± 3.7 | ||
| Ren et al. (39) | EEN+Gln | 30 | 47.95 ± 7.79 | 21/9 | 11.34 ± 2.37 | A, B, E, F, I, K |
| EEN | 30 | 51.71 ± 7.09 | 25/14 | 9.73 ± 1.02 | ||
| Sun et al. (40) | EEN+Gln | 39 | 51.71 ± 7.09 | 25/14 | 9.73 ± 1.02 | G, H |
| EEN | 39 | 51.68 ± 7.15 | 24/15 | 9.64 ± 1.07 | ||
| Chu et al. (27) | EEN+Gln | 42 | 50.62 ± 5.74 | 27/15 | 9.76 ± 1.12 | G, H, L |
| EEN | 42 | 49.48 ± 6.06 | 26/16 | 9.63 ± 1.44 | ||
| Guan et al. (33) | EEN+Gln | 40 | 58.15 ± 3.13 | 25/15 | Unstates | F, G, I |
| EEN | 40 | 58.33 ± 3.2 | 23/17 | Unstates | ||
| Fan et al. (30) | EEN+Gln | 46 | 51.6 ± 3.3 | 28/18 | Unstates | A, B, D, E, F, G |
| EEN | 46 | 52.2 ± 2.9 | 26/20 | Unstates | ||
| Yang et al. (48) | EEN+Gln | 33 | 45.51 ± 22.46 | 17/16 | 14.03 ± 1.97 | B, G, L |
| EEN | 32 | 45.52 ± 22.42 | 16/16 | 14.17 ± 2.03 |
M/F, Male/Female; TPN, Total Parenteral Nutrition; EEN, Enter Enteral Nutrition; Gln, Glutamine; A, Mortality; B, APACHE II score; C, ICU hospital stay; D, Total length of hospital stay; E, Bloating recovery time; F, Complications; G, Liver function index; H, Kidney function index; I, Inflammatory index; J, Immune index; K, Serum amylase recovery time; L, Response rate.
“Total length of hospital stay” refers to the total time spent in hospital for SAP patients, including ICU stay time. “Complications” refers to the number of people with complications from SAP. Regardless of Gln treatment, SAP patients have other diseases caused by disease progression, such as pancreatic pseudocyst, peripancreatic infection, abdominal infection, multiple organ failure, sepsis, and gastrointestinal bleeding. “Response rate” refers to whether it improves the overall treatment effect of severe acute pancreatitis and improves the severity of SAP patients (For example, after 2 weeks of treatment, the patient's symptoms such as abdominal pain and bloating were significantly relieved, and laboratory indicators such as blood/urine amylase, blood routine, liver function, and inflammatory factors were significantly improved).