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. 2022 Jun 2;13:918479. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.918479

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Copyright © 2022 Aggarwal, Bhadana, Singh, Rawat, Mohammad, Al-Keridis, Alshammari, Hassan and Das.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Apoptotic effects of CZE and CIN on oral cancer cells as observed Annexin-V-FITC double staining. The untreated, CZE (50, 100, and 200 μg/ml), CIN (20, 40, and 80 μm) and cisplatin (2 μg/ml) treated cancer cells (SCC-9 and SCC-25) cells were subjected to Annexin-V-FITC double staining at 48 h (A) Representative quadrant plots from flow cytometry analysis showing dose-dependent increase in apoptotic cells. Quad I (Top-left): Necrotic (Annexin-V-FITC^-/PI⁺); Quad II (Top-right): late apoptotic cells (Annexin-V-FITC⁺/PI⁺); Quad III (Bottom-left): live cells (Annexin-V-FITC^-/PI⁻); Quad IV (Bottom-right): early apoptotic cells (Annexin-V-FITC⁺/PI⁻) (B) Bar graphs showing the percentage distribution of cancer cells (mean ± SD) in various phases of apoptosis after treatment with different concentrations of Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract (CZE), cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and Cisplatin (Cis).