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. 2022 Jun 28;19:169. doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02523-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — The continuous feeding of ABX alleviates CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia but not mechanical allodynia. A–C Pre-depletion of gut microbiota, two weeks earlier than CCI treatment. D–F The continuous feeding of ABX starting simultaneously with CCI treatment. G–I The continuous feeding of ABX starting two weeks after CCI treatment when the thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia had been established. B, E Two-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparison test **p < 0.01 SPF + CCI versus SPF, ^##p < 0.01 SPF + CCI versus ABX + CCI. C, F **p < 0.01 versus SPF. H *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 versus SPF + CCI. Numbers of animals included in each of the groups: A–C, n = 6 in SPF, n = 10 in SPF + CCI, n = 5 in ABX, n = 7 in ABX + CCI); E, F, n = 10 in SPF and ABX, n = 12 in SPF + CCI and ABX + CCI; H, I: n = 10 in SPF + CCI, n = 11 in ABX + CCI