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. 2022 Jun 28;19:169. doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02523-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — ABX treatment alleviated CCI-induced activation of microglia and astrocyte in the spinal cord of mice. A Representative images of the Iba-1 microglia immunostaining (scale bar: 100 µm) and the quantification of the fluorescence intensity (upper) and cell numbers (lower) of the Iba1 immunostained cells. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparison test **p < 0.01 versus SPF, ^##p < 0.01 versus SPF + CCI (15 slides from 4 SPF sham mice, 15 slides from 4 ABX sham mice, 12 slides from 4 SPF + CCI mice, and 11 slides from 3 ABX + CCI mice). B Representative images of the GFAP astrocyte immunostaining (scale bar: 100 µm) and the quantification of the fluorescence intensity the GFAP immunostaining cells. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparison test **p < 0.01 versus SPF, ^#p < 0.05 versus SPF + CCI (48 slides from 4 SPF mice, 51 slides from 4 ABX mice, 28 slides from 4 SPF + CCI mice, and 28 slides from 3 ABX + CCI mice). C Representative image of bands and statistical summary of the western blot analysis showing that CCI-induced GFAP increase was reversed by ABX treatment. n = 3 in each group. **p < 0.01 versus SPF, ^##p < 0.01 versus SPF + CCI. Tissues were taken from SPF and ABX-treated mice at day 7 after CCI or sham operation (A–C)