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Structure of lipid nanoparticles and mRNA-based lipid nanoparticles.
A LNP contain an ionizable lipid, a stabilizing agent for stability, a phospholipid to stabilize the bilayer and PEG. The ionizable lipid allows self-assembly, increase the encapsulation of mRNA and helps to escape from endosomes. The PEG minimizes LNPs' nonspecific binding to proteins, increases circulation time in blood and helps to avoid RES uptake [50,51].
