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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 28.
Published in final edited form as: Psychooncology. 2021 Nov 19;31(5):753–760. doi: 10.1002/pon.5859

TABLE 2.

Mean levels of internalized stigma according to cancer type

Lung or head and neck p-valued Other smoking-related cancerb p-valuee Non smoking-related cancerc p-valuef
Unadjusted 11.6 (10.8, 12.3) <0.0001 10.8 (9.8, 11.7) 0.16 9.2 (8.5, 9.9) 0.009
Multivariable adjusteda 11.5 (10.8, 12.2) <0.0001 10.7 (9.8, 11.7) 0.20 9.3 (8.6, 10.0) 0.03
a

Estimates are adjusted for age (in years), sex (male or female), alcohol intake (number of drinks per week), age started smoking (in years), perceived support score, types of support score, benefits of quitting score, quality of interactions with oncology care team score.

b

Other smoking-related cancer includes esophageal, bladder, kidney, liver, pancreatic, colorectal, anal, small intestinal, gastric, or cervical.

c

Non-Smoking-related cancer includes prostate, testicular, penile, breast, lymphoma, melanoma, or non-cervical gynecological.

d

p-value compares mean level of internalized stigma between lung or head and neck versus non-smoking related cancer.

e

p-value compares mean level of internalized stigma between other smoking related cancer versus lung or head and neck.

f

p-value compares mean level of internalized stigma between non-smoking related cancer versus other smoking related cancer.