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. 2022 Apr 22;5(2):e1198. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1198

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© 2022 The Authors. JOR Spine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging identified AF fissures in all defect types. Representative MR T2‐weighted transverse (left) and Short‐Tau Inversion Recovery turbo spin echo coronal (right) MR images changes observed from a sheep model of injured lumbar intervertebral discs (IVD) using 3 different annulus fibrosus (AF) status (control; slit, cruciate, box‐cut AF defect) followed by a 0.1 g nucleus pulposus (NP) removal taken 3 months after surgery. The images are illustrating annular fissure characterized by loss of the morphology of the AF characterized by separation between the annular fibers (arrow and arrowhead) in the injured IVD; scale bar: 1 cm