FIG 1.

L92 and AA pretreatments mitigated IAH-induced intestinal barrier damage. (A) Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 to 10 weeks old; n = 20 in each group) were pretreated with L92 or AA by intragastric gavage twice daily, starting 1 week before inducing acute IAH (exposure to 12 mm Hg nitrogen pneumoperitoneum [NP] for 90 min). (B) Schematic of the study design. (C) Histological changes. L92 and AA pretreatments mitigated IAH-induced inflammatory infiltration, mucosal congestion, and epithelial integrity. Gray boxes indicate the magnified images below. The red arrow indicates mucosal congestion. Green arrows indicate digested lamina propria. White arrows indicate inflammatory infiltration. (D) Comparison of histological damage scores.