Table 1.
Patient Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Characteristics |
Overall (n=1386) |
Index age <10 y (n=622) |
Index age 10–18 y (n=764) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race or ethnicity, n (%)* | 0.448 | |||
| White | 379 (53.2) | 163 (50.5) | 216 (55.5) | |
| Black | 82 (11.5) | 39 (12.1) | 43 (11.1) | |
| Hispanic | 50 (7.0) | 28 (8.7) | 22 (5.7) | |
| Other † | 7 (1.0) | 4 (1.2) | 3 (0.8) | |
| Unknown | 194 (27.3) | 89 (27.5) | 105 (26.9) | |
| Region, n (%)* | 0.209 | |||
| Northeast | 116 (17.2) | 49 (16.4) | 67 (8.8) | |
| North central | 166 (24.6) | 62 (20.7) | 104 (13.6) | |
| South | 243 (36.1) | 115 (38.5) | 128 (16.8) | |
| West | 133 (19.7) | 66 (22.1) | 67 (8.8) | |
| Unknown | 16 (2.4) | 7(2.3) | 9 (2.4) | |
| Insurance, n (%) | 0.707 | |||
| Commercial | 674 (48.6) | 299 (48.1) | 375 (49.1) | |
| Medicaid | 712 (51.4) | 323 (51.9) | 389 (50.9) | |
| Follow‐up duration, y, median (Q1–Q3) | 3.0 (1.9–4.7) | 3.9 (2.0–5.3) | 2.5 (1.7–4.0) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 75 (5.4) | 18 (2.9) | 57 (7.5) | <0.001 |
| Dilated or other cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 211 (15.2) | 40 (6.4) | 171 (22.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 10 (0.7) | 2 (0.3) | 8 (1.1) | 0.200 |
| Respiratory failure, n (%) | 144 (10.4) | 34 (5.5) | 110 (14.4) | <0.001 |
| CCCs, n (%) | ||||
| ≥1 CCC | 431 (31.1) | 180 (28.9) | 251 (32.9) | 0.117 |
| CCC categories, n (%) | ||||
| Renal | 43 (3.1) | 24 (3.9) | 19 (2.5) | 0.143 |
| Gastrointestinal | 110 (7.9) | 43 (6.9) | 67 (8.8) | 0.203 |
| Hematologic/immunologic | 35 (2.5) | 22 (3.5) | 13 (1.7) | 0.030 |
| Metabolic | 215 (15.5) | 99 (15.9) | 116 (15.2) | 0.708 |
| Malignancy | 52 (3.8) | 23 (3.7) | 29 (3.8) | 0.924 |
| Premature/neonatal | 18 (1.3) | 14 (2.3) | 4 (0.5) | 0.005 |
| Transplant | 5 (0.4) | 2 (0.3) | 3 (0.4) | 0.999 |
| Technology dependence | 169 (12.2) | 50 (8.0) | 119 (15.6) | <0.001 |
| Death, n (%) | 14 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (1.8) | <0.001 |
CCC indicates complex chronic condition; Q1, quartile 1; and Q3, quartile 3.
*
Region was reported in the Commercial database only; race or ethnicity was reported in the Medicaid database only.
†
The “Other” race/ethnicity category includes those not identified in the above mentioned groups.