Table 2.
Participant Characteristics at Baseline by Hypertension Status by 2018, Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, 2000 to 2018
| Non‐Hispanic Black | Hispanic | Chinese | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall |
No hypertension |
Incident hypertension |
Overall |
No hypertension |
Incident hypertension |
Overall |
No hypertension |
Incident hypertension |
|
| N | 693 | 239 | 454 | 778 | 360 | 418 | 466 | 242 | 224 |
| Age, y | 58.4 (9.8) | 56.7 | 59.3 | 58.0 (9.7) | 56.01 | 59.7 | 59.4 (9.8) | 57.4 | 61.6 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 361 (52.1) | 50.6 | 52.9 | 378 (48.6) | 49.4 | 47.8 | 231 (49.6) | 52.9 | 46.0 |
| Male | 332 (47.9) | 49.4 | 47.1 | 400 (51.4) | 50.6 | 52.2 | 235 (50.4) | 47.1 | 54.0 |
| Education | |||||||||
| Bachelor’s/graduate degree | 272 (39.2) | 43.1 | 37.2 | 95 (12.2) | 13.6 | 11.0 | 206 (44.2) | 46.3 | 42.0 |
| Technical school or associate | 256 (36.9) | 33.9 | 38.5 | 213 (27.4) | 30.3 | 24.9 | 94 (20.2) | 22.3 | 17.9 |
| High school | 107 (15.4) | 15.1 | 15.6 | 160 (20.6) | 18.3 | 22.5 | 74 (15.9) | 12.0 | 20.1 |
| Less than high school | 58 (8.4) | 7.9 | 8.6 | 310 (39.8) | 37.8 | 41.6 | 92 (19.7) | 19.4 | 20.1 |
| Health insurance | |||||||||
| Insured | 641 (92.5) | 93.3 | 92.1 | 629 (80.8) | 76.1 | 84.9 | 368 (79.0) | 80.6 | 77.2 |
| Uninsured | 52 (7.5) | 6.7 | 7.9 | 149 (19.2) | 23.9 | 15.1 | 98 (21.0) | 19.4 | 22.8 |
| Physical activity | |||||||||
| None | 152 (21.9) | 17.6 | 24.2 | 239 (30.7) | 31.9 | 29.7 | 135 (29.0) | 30.2 | 27.7 |
| Intermediate | 191 (27.6) | 30.5 | 26.0 | 234 (30.1) | 27.8 | 32.1 | 161 (34.5) | 36.8 | 32.1 |
| High | 350 (50.5) | 51.9 | 49.8 | 305 (39.2) | 40.3 | 38.3 | 170 (36.5) | 33.1 | 40.2 |
| Smoking status | |||||||||
| Never | 306 (44.2) | 41.4 | 45.6 | 405 (52.1) | 52.5 | 51.7 | 355 (76.2) | 79.8 | 72.3 |
| Former | 231 (33.3) | 33.5 | 33.3 | 247 (31.7) | 30.6 | 32.8 | 85 (18.2) | 16.1 | 20.5 |
| Current | 156 (22.5) | 25.1 | 21.1 | 126 (16.2) | 16.9 | 15.6 | 26 (5.6) | 4.1 | 7.1 |
| Body mass index | |||||||||
| Normal | 157 (22.7) | 27.2 | 20.3 | 145 (18.6) | 20.8 | 16.7 | 326 (70.0) | 75.2 | 64.3 |
| Overweight | 266 (38.4) | 41.4 | 36.8 | 364 (46.8) | 53.1 | 41.4 | 126 (27.0) | 21.5 | 33.0 |
| Obesity class I and II | 235 (33.9) | 29.3 | 36.3 | 239 (30.7) | 23.9 | 36.6 | 14 (3.0) | 3.3 | 2.7 |
| Obesity class III | 35 (5.1) | 2.1 | 6.6 | 30 (3.9) | 2.2 | 5.3 | 0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Birthplace | |||||||||
| US states and territories | 616 (88.9) | 87.9 | 89.4 | 336 (43.2) | 40.3 | 45.7 | 20 (4.3) | 5.8 | 2.7 |
| Other countries | 77 (11.1) | 12.1 | 10.6 | 442 (56.8) | 59.7 | 54.3 | 446 (95.7) | 94.2 | 97.3 |
| Per capita adjusted income | 2.8 (1.9) | 2.7 | 2.8 | 1.6 (1.5) | 1.53 | 1.64 | 1.7 (1.6) | 1.8 | 1.6 |
| Neighborhood social environment | −0.0 (1.0) | 0.1 | −0.1 | −0.3 (0.9) | −0.25 | −0.33 | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Neighborhood physical environment | −0.3 (1.1) | −0.2 | −0.4 | −0.1 (0.8) | −0.09 | −0.16 | 0.1 (0.8) | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Resided in segregated neighborhood | 387 | 117 | 270 | 505 | 218 | 287 | 363 | 188 | 175 |
Categorical variables displayed by count and percentage in parenthesis (overall) and displayed by percentage (by hypertension status): sex, education, insurance, physical activity, smoking status, body mass index class, and birthplace.
Continuous variables displayed by mean value and SD in parenthesis (overall) and displayed by mean (by hypertension status): age, per capita adjusted income, neighborhood social and physical environment scores.