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. 2022 May 16;11(10):e024060. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.024060

Figure 4. Mechanistic overview of the development of extracardiac sequelae (hepatorenal dysfunction and malnutrition) in valvular heart disease.

Figure 4

ALP indicates alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; RAAS, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system; SNS, sympathetic nervous system; and VHD, valvular heart disease.