Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Presenting Variables According to STEMI Status
| No STEMI, N=15 567 | STEMI, N=54 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y, median (25th–75th) | 63 (51–75) | 70 (62–78) | 0.017 |
| Female sex | 6935 (44.5) | 17 (31.5) | 0.054 |
| White race | 5919 (38.0) | 23 (42.6) | 0.490 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes | 5821 (37.4) | 22 (40.7) | 0.612 |
| Dyslipidemia | 5825 (37.4) | 24 (44.4) | 0.287 |
| Hypertension | 9634 (61.9) | 38 (70.4) | 0.200 |
| Prior MI | 909 (5.8) | 6 (11.1) | 0.133 |
| Prior PCI | 778 (5.0) | 3 (5.6) | 0.751 |
| Prior heart failure | 1945 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.006 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2197 (14.1) | 4 (7.4) | 0.157 |
| Before admit medication use | |||
| ACEI/ARB | 4579/15 208 (30.1) | 17/52 (32.7) | 0.685 |
| β‐Blocker | 4254/15 208 (28.0) | 10/52 (19.2) | 0.161 |
| Statin | 5906/15 208 (38.8) | 19/52 (36.5) | 0.734 |
| Aspirin | 3999/15 565 (25.7) | 12/54 (22.2) | 0.560 |
| Anticoagulant | 1847/15 208 (12.1) | 4/52 (7.7) | 0.326 |
| Admission presentation | |||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.0 (11.4–14.4) | 13.2 (12.0–14.7) | 0.308 |
| WBC, K/µL | 6.9 (5.0–9.6) | 10.3 (7.6–13.7) | <0.001 |
| Platelets, K/µL | 204.0 (156.0–266.0) | 214.9 (162.0–300.0) | 0.194 |
| Absolute lymphocyte count, ×109 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 0.347 |
| AST, µ/L | 40.0 (27.0–61.0) | 51.5 (30.5–164.0) | 0.004 |
| ALT, µ/L | 30.0 (19.0–49.0) | 34.0 (26.0–57.0) | 0.042 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0 (0.8–1.5) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 0.139 |
| CRP, mg/L | 60.8 (15.2–114.0) | 61.0 (13.7–147.7) | 0.429 |
| Interleukin‐6, pg/mL | 19.0 (5.0–61.6) | 8.1 (5.0–25.0) | 0.299 |
| D‐dimer, ng/mL | 770 (340–1530) | 1000 (584–3050) | 0.058 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 576 (259–1174) | 784.9 (315–1483) | 0.318 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 53.0 (17.0–190.0) | 173.0 (34.0–687.0) | 0.050 |
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 291.0 (67.1–1535.0) | 826.0 (259.0–2397.0) | 0.099 |
| Troponin, ng/L | 10.0 (0.0–42.0) | 74.0 (22.9–600.0) | <0.001 |
| Time from COVID‐19 symptom onset to admission, d, median (25th–75th) | 6.0 (2.0–9.0) | 7.0 (1.0–12.0) | 0.533 |
| Resource use | |||
| Intensive care unit use | 5152 (33.1) | 44 (81.5) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation use | 3237 (20.8) | 26 (48.1) | <0.001 |
| New renal replacement therapy | 676 (4.3) | 6 (11.1) | 0.030 |
| In‐hospital events | |||
| All‐cause mortality | 2449 (15.7) | 22 (40.7) | <0.001 |
| Cause of death | <0.001 | ||
| Respiratory | 1815 (75.4) | 13 (59.1) | |
| Cardiovascular* | 193 (8.0) | 7 (31.8) | |
| Other | 398 (16.5) | 2 (9.1) | |
| Shock | 2056 (13.5) | 25 (47.2) | <0.001 |
| Cardiogenic | 110 (5.4) | 6 (24.0) | |
| Distributive | 1544 (75.3) | 9 (36.0) | |
| Mixed | 173 (8.4) | 9 (36.0) | |
| Other | 224 (10.9) | 1 (4.0) | |
| Cardiac arrest | 752 (4.8) | 12 (22.2) | <0.001 |
| Sustained ventricular arrhythmias | 191 (1.2) | 7 (13.0) | <0.001 |
| De novo heart failure | 217 (1.4) | 9 (16.7) | <0.001 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage/stroke | 239 (1.5) | 3 (5.6) | 0.051 |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 417 (2.7) | 2 (3.7) | 0.657 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 300 (1.9) | 4 (7.4) | 0.021 |
Values reflect count (number) and proportion (percent) unless otherwise specified. All ranges represent the 25th–75th quartiles. Differences in categorical variables were assessed across study groups using the χ2 test or Fisher exact test as appropriate. Differences in continuous variables were assessed using the Mann‐Whitney U test. ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; AST, aspartate transaminase; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CRP, C‐reactive protein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; STEMI, ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction; and WBC, white blood cell count.
Includes death attributable to acute MI, arrhythmia, heart failure, or stroke.