Table 1.
Current HF | Past, not current HF | Never HF | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Median age, y | 42 (Q1=30;Q3=55)* | 35 (Q1=26;Q3=48)* | 31 (Q1=24;Q3=41)* | <0.0001* |
Women | 76/137 (55.5%) | 164/296 (55.4%) | 1836/3510 (52.3%) | 0.471 |
Participating countries | 0.440 | |||
High‐income countries (n=3583) | 127/3583 (3.5%) | 265/3583 (7.4%) | 3191/3583 (89.1%) | |
Low‐ and middle‐income countries (n=376) | 10/376 (2.7%) | 33/376 (8.8%) | 333/376 (88.6%) | |
Patient‐reported NYHA functional class | <0.0001* | |||
Class I | 20/133 (15.0%)* | 89/286 (31.1%)* | 1966/3441 (57.1%)* | |
Class II | 53/133 (39.9%)* | 149/286 (52.1%)* | 1150/3441 (33.4%)* | |
Class III | 37/133 (27.8%)* | 28/286 (9.8%)* | 217/3441 (6.3%)* | |
Class IV | 23/133 (17.3%)* | 20/286 (7%)* | 108/3441 (3.1%)* | |
Complexity of heart defect | <0.0001* | |||
Simple (n=1029) | 19/137 (13.9%)* | 38/298 (12.8%)* | 972/3524 (27.6%)* | |
Moderate (n=1916) | 56/137 (40.9%)* | 150/298 (50.3%)* | 1718/3524 (48.7%)* | |
Great (n=1014) | 62/137 (45.3%)* | 110/298 (36.9%)* | 834/3524 (23.7%)* | |
History of arrhythmia | 95/136 (69.9%)* | 151/297 (50.8%)* | 817/3514 (23.2%)* | <0.0001* |
Cardiac device | <0.0001* | |||
None | 79/128 (61.7%)* | 213/282 (75.5%)* | 2802/3085 (90.8%)* | |
Pacemaker | 23/128 (18.0%)* | 43/282 (15.2%)* | 190/3085 (6.2%)* | |
ICD | 26/128 (20.3%)* | 26/282 (9.2%)* | 93/3085 (3.0%)* | |
Other medical condition | 105/137 (76.6%)* | 152/298 (51.0%)* | 1447/3506 (41.3%)* | <0.0001* |
Cognitive impairment | 2/137 (1.5%) | 6/298 (2.0%) | 40/3504 (1.1%) | 0.406 |
Chart documented psychiatric disorder | ||||
Mood disorder | 27/136 (19.9%)* | 27/296 (9.1%)* | 196/3512 (5.6%)* | <0.0001* |
Anxiety disorder | 12/137 (8.8%)* | 22/297 (7.4%)* | 156/3517 (4.4%)* | 0.006* |
Other psychiatric diagnosis | 7/137 (5.1%)* | 1/296 (0.3%)* | 63/3516 (1.8%)* | 0.002* |
Smoking | 10/136 (7.4%) | 33/294 (11.2%) | 426/3484 (12.2%) | 0.210 |
Substance abuse score (0–100) | 16.1 (95% CI, 12.0–20.1)* | 21.1 (95% CI, 18.2–24.0)* | 22.2 (95% CI, 21.4–23.1)* | 0.020* |
Total sport score | 1.97 (95% CI, 0.91–3.03)* | 2.45 (95% CI, 1.88–3.02)* | 3.72 (95% CI, 3.46–3.98)* | 0.001* |
Physical exercise score | 2.11 (95% CI, 1.04–3.19)* | 2.61 (95% CI, 2.04–3.19)* | 3.93 (95% CI, 3.67–4.19)* | 0.001* |
Total number of adult cardiac admissions | 3.2 (95% CI, 2.6–3.8)* | 2.1 (95% CI, 1.8–2.4)* | 0.7 (95% CI, 0.7–0.8)* | <0.0001* |
Cardiac admission within past 1 year | 56/137 (40.8%)* | 78/298 (26.2%)* | 518/3472 (14.9%)* | <0.0001* |
Q1: 25th percentile; Q3: 75th percentile. HF indicates heart failure; ICD, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator; and NYHA, New York Heart Association.
Represents statistical significance at P<0.05.