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. 2022 Apr 26;11(9):e024993. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.024993

Table 1.

Background Characteristics of 3959 Adult Patients With Congenital Heart Disease With (Past, Current)/Without Heart Failure

Current HF Past, not current HF Never HF P value
Median age, y 42 (Q1=30;Q3=55)* 35 (Q1=26;Q3=48)* 31 (Q1=24;Q3=41)* <0.0001*
Women 76/137 (55.5%) 164/296 (55.4%) 1836/3510 (52.3%) 0.471
Participating countries 0.440
High‐income countries (n=3583) 127/3583 (3.5%) 265/3583 (7.4%) 3191/3583 (89.1%)
Low‐ and middle‐income countries (n=376) 10/376 (2.7%) 33/376 (8.8%) 333/376 (88.6%)
Patient‐reported NYHA functional class <0.0001*
Class I 20/133 (15.0%)* 89/286 (31.1%)* 1966/3441 (57.1%)*
Class II 53/133 (39.9%)* 149/286 (52.1%)* 1150/3441 (33.4%)*
Class III 37/133 (27.8%)* 28/286 (9.8%)* 217/3441 (6.3%)*
Class IV 23/133 (17.3%)* 20/286 (7%)* 108/3441 (3.1%)*
Complexity of heart defect <0.0001*
Simple (n=1029) 19/137 (13.9%)* 38/298 (12.8%)* 972/3524 (27.6%)*
Moderate (n=1916) 56/137 (40.9%)* 150/298 (50.3%)* 1718/3524 (48.7%)*
Great (n=1014) 62/137 (45.3%)* 110/298 (36.9%)* 834/3524 (23.7%)*
History of arrhythmia 95/136 (69.9%)* 151/297 (50.8%)* 817/3514 (23.2%)* <0.0001*
Cardiac device <0.0001*
None 79/128 (61.7%)* 213/282 (75.5%)* 2802/3085 (90.8%)*
Pacemaker 23/128 (18.0%)* 43/282 (15.2%)* 190/3085 (6.2%)*
ICD 26/128 (20.3%)* 26/282 (9.2%)* 93/3085 (3.0%)*
Other medical condition 105/137 (76.6%)* 152/298 (51.0%)* 1447/3506 (41.3%)* <0.0001*
Cognitive impairment 2/137 (1.5%) 6/298 (2.0%) 40/3504 (1.1%) 0.406
Chart documented psychiatric disorder
Mood disorder 27/136 (19.9%)* 27/296 (9.1%)* 196/3512 (5.6%)* <0.0001*
Anxiety disorder 12/137 (8.8%)* 22/297 (7.4%)* 156/3517 (4.4%)* 0.006*
Other psychiatric diagnosis 7/137 (5.1%)* 1/296 (0.3%)* 63/3516 (1.8%)* 0.002*
Smoking 10/136 (7.4%) 33/294 (11.2%) 426/3484 (12.2%) 0.210
Substance abuse score (0–100) 16.1 (95% CI, 12.0–20.1)* 21.1 (95% CI, 18.2–24.0)* 22.2 (95% CI, 21.4–23.1)* 0.020*
Total sport score 1.97 (95% CI, 0.91–3.03)* 2.45 (95% CI, 1.88–3.02)* 3.72 (95% CI, 3.46–3.98)* 0.001*
Physical exercise score 2.11 (95% CI, 1.04–3.19)* 2.61 (95% CI, 2.04–3.19)* 3.93 (95% CI, 3.67–4.19)* 0.001*
Total number of adult cardiac admissions 3.2 (95% CI, 2.6–3.8)* 2.1 (95% CI, 1.8–2.4)* 0.7 (95% CI, 0.7–0.8)* <0.0001*
Cardiac admission within past 1 year 56/137 (40.8%)* 78/298 (26.2%)* 518/3472 (14.9%)* <0.0001*

Q1: 25th percentile; Q3: 75th percentile. HF indicates heart failure; ICD, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator; and NYHA, New York Heart Association.

*

Represents statistical significance at P<0.05.