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. 2022 Apr 26;11(9):e022716. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.022716

Figure 1. Multivariable‐adjusted HRs of MACE according to visit‐to‐visit SBP variability measured by VIM in adults with optimal SBP levels.

Figure 1

The HRs (orange‐red solid line) and 95% CIs (orange‐red dotted lines) are derived from the Cox model 3 that adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use status, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, prevalent diabetes, use of aspirin and statins, prevalent hypertension, use of antihypertensive drugs, diastolic blood pressure at visit 3, and trend and mean of SBP from visit 1 to visit 3. SBP variability was centered at the 25th percentile of the sample (VIM=3.99) and modeled using a restricted cubic spline with knots at the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles. Histograms represent the frequency distribution of SBP variability (VIM). HR indicates hazard ratio; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; SBP, systolic blood pressure; and VIM, variability independent of the mean.