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. 2022 Apr 26;11(9):e022716. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.022716

Table 1.

Clinical Characteristics at Visit 3 of Each Group Categorized by the VIM of SBP

Clinical characteristics

Total

(n=7065)

VIM quartile 1

(n=1766)

VIM quartile 2

(n=1767)

VIM quartile 3

(n=1766)

VIM quartile 4

(n=1766)

P value
Age, y 59.3 (5.6) 59.1 (5.6) 59.3 (5.4) 59.2 (5.7) 59.5 (5.5) 0.137
Sex <0.001
Men 3129 (44.3) 873 (49.4) 816 (46.2) 755 (42.8) 685 (38.8)
Women 3936 (55.7) 893 (50.6) 951 (53.8) 1011 (57.2) 1081 (61.2)
Race 0.001
Black 1207 (17.1) 272 (15.4) 276 (15.6) 307 (17.4) 352 (19.9)
White 5858 (82.9) 1494 (84.6) 1491 (84.4) 1459 (82.6) 1414 (80.1)
Body mass index, kg/m2 27.9 (5.1) 28.0 (5.1) 27.7 (4.9) 27.9 (5.1) 28.1 (5.4) 0.181
SBP, mm Hg 117.2 (11.4) 115.3 (11.0) 115.9 (10.9) 117.6 (11.1) 120.2 (11.4) <0.001
Diastolic BP, mm Hg 69.9 (8.7) 69.6 (8.5) 69.3 (8.5) 70.0 (8.9) 70.5 (8.9) <0.001
Total cholesterol, mmol/L 5.4 (1.0) 5.4 (0.9) 5.3 (1.0) 5.4 (1.0) 5.4 (1.0) 0.893
HDL‐C, mmol/L 1.4 (0.5) 1.3 (0.4) 1.4 (0.5) 1.4 (0.5) 1.4 (0.5) <0.001
LDL‐C, mmol/L 3.3 (0.9) 3.3 (0.9) 3.3 (0.9) 3.3 (0.9) 3.2 (0.9) 0.158
Triglyceride, mmol/L 1.6 (0.9) 1.6 (0.9) 1.6 (0.9) 1.6 (1.0) 1.6 (0.9) 0.969
Diabetes 794 (11.2) 207 (11.7) 196 (11.1) 189 (10.7) 202 (11.4) 0.794
Hypertension, n (%) 1718 (24.3) 391 (22.1) 376 (21.3) 418 (23.7) 533 (30.2) <0.001
Atrial fibrillation 17 (0.2) 3 (0.2) 3 (0.2) 5 (0.3) 6 (0.3) 0.659
Education level 0.019
Basic or 0 y 1138 (16.1) 263 (14.9) 262 (17.3) 306 (17.3) 307 (17.4)
Intermediate 3005 (42.5) 774 (43.8) 733 (41.5) 723 (40.9) 775 (43.9)
Advanced 2922 (41.4) 729 (41.3) 772 (43.7) 737 (41.7) 684 (38.7)
Smoking 0.034
Current smoker 1237 (17.5) 279 (15.8) 290 (16.4) 318 (18.0) 350 (19.8)
Former smoker 2878 (40.7) 738 (41.8) 742 (42.0) 694 (39.3) 704 (39.9)
Never smoker 2950 (41.8) 749 (42.4) 735 (41.6) 754 (42.7) 712 (40.3)
Drinking 0.006
Current drinker 3985 (56.4) 1065 (60.3) 1001 (56.6) 957 (54.2) 962 (54.5)
Former drinker 1441 (20.4) 316 (17.9) 362 (20.5) 382 (21.6) 381 (21.6)
Never drinker 1639 (23.3) 385 (21.8) 404 (22.9) 427 (24.2) 423 (24.0)
Antihypertensive 1664 (23.6) 376 (21.3) 367 (20.8) 403 (22.8) 518 (29.3) <0.001
Aspirin 3566 (50.5) 854 (48.4) 889 (50.3) 895 (50.7) 928 (52.5) 0.100
Statin 301 (4.3) 70 (4.0) 76 (4.3) 72 (4.1) 83 (4.7) 0.713

Continuous variables are presented as mean (SD), and categorical variables are presented as percentage. HDL‐C indicates high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; and VIM, variability independent of the mean.