Table 3.

Hazard Ratios for Cardiovascular Disease According to PM2.5 and Physical Activity Among 5‐Year Cancer Survivors

	Low PM2.5 and MVPA ≥3 times/wk	Low PM2.5 and MVPA ≤2 times/wk	High PM2.5 and MVPA ≥3 times/wk	High PM2.5 and MVPA ≤2 times/wk
Cardiovascular disease
Events	141	272	198	309
Person‐y	24 690	37 578	23 877	37 411
aHR (95% CI)	1.00 (reference)	1.26 (1.03–1.55)	1.34 (1.07–1.67)	1.38 (1.12–1.70)
Coronary heart disease
Events	71	124	104	143
Person‐y	24 690	37 578	23 877	37 411
aHR (95% CI)	1.00 (reference)	1.17 (0.83–1.64)*	1.39 (0.98–1.98)*	1.30 (0.93–1.82)*
Total stroke
Events	70	148	94	166
Person‐y	24 690	37 578	23 877	37 411
aHR (95% CI)	1.00 (reference)	1.35 (0.97–1.87)*	1.28 (0.89–1.83)*	1.46 (1.05–2.04)*

aHR calculated by Cox proportional hazards regression after adjustments for age, sex, household income, area of residence, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol, and Charlson comorbidity index. PM2.5 range: low, 19.8–25.6 μg/m³; high, 25.8–33.8 μg/m³. MVPA determined by adding the frequency of moderate PA and vigorous PA per week, each ranging between 0 and 7 times per week. aHR indicates adjusted hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; MVPA, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity; and PM2.5, particulate matter with particles ≤2.5 µm.

^*95% CI calculated after Bonferroni correction (P<0.025 for significance).