. 2022 Apr 26;11(9):e024207. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.024207

Table 4.

Exercise MR‐CPET Data

Variable	Control	COVID_reduced	COVID_normal	P value
Metrics of exercise performance
Exercise duration (min)	16.6±3.5	13.3±2.8^†	15.1±3.8	0.01 ^*
Peak workload (W)	104 (86–148)	79 (65–100)^†	104 (71–134)	0.017 ^*
Maximum RER	1.6±0.2	1.4±0.2^†	1.5±0.2	0.043 ^*
MR‐CPET metrics
iVO₂, mL/min per kg	22.3 (16.9–27.6)	14.9 (13.1–16.2)^† ^, ^‡	19.1 (15.4–23.7)	0.0037 ^*
COi, L/min per m²	6.0±1.2	4.7±1.2^† ^, ^‡	5.7±1.5	0.0041 ^*
avO₂, mlO₂/100 mL	14.8±3.9	13.5±3.4	13.8±2.8	0.46
SVi, mL/min per m²	47.7±10.4	39.1±10.0^†	43.2±7.4	0.02 ^*
Heart rate, bpm	130±22	122±22	132±24	0.35
Systolic BP, mm Hg	145±22	150±26	154±16	0.37
RVEDVi, mL/m²	59 (53–66)	52 (50–56)	59 (48–63)	0.098
LVEDVi, mL/m²	62±13	52±11^†	56±11	0.023 ^*
LVEF (%)	76±8	74±10	78±8	0.31
RVEF (%)	76 (69–84)	75 (70–79)	76 (72–81)	0.55

The P value is for the appropriate omnibus test. Normally distributed data displayed as mean±SD and non‐normally distributed data shown as median (interquartile range). avO₂ indicates tissue oxygen extraction; BP, blood pressure; COi, cardiac output indexed to body surface area (BSA); COVID_normal, normal exercise capacity following COVID‐19; COVID_reduced, reduced exercise capacity following COVID‐19; iVO₂, oxygen consumption indexed to weight; LVEDVi, BSA indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MR‐CPET, magnetic resonance‐cardiopulmonary exercise testing; RER, Respiratory Exchange Ratio; RVEDVi, BSA indexed right ventricular end‐diastolic volume; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction; and SVi, BSA indexed stoke volume.

Significant P value for the omnibus test.

^{^†}

Significant difference compared with controls.

^{^‡}

Significant difference between COVID patient groups.