Table 1.
Population Characteristics
| Demographics | Total (n=898) | Did not achieve predicted METs (n=469) | Achieved predicted METs (n=429) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 51.8±11.3 | 50.2±11.6 | 53.7±10.8 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 586 (65%) | 331 (71%) | 255 (59%) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.1±5.3 | 28.5±5.5 | 25.6±4.6 | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes | 351 (39%) | 221 (47%) | 130 (30%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 791 (88%) | 414 (88%) | 377 (88%) | 0.856 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 421 (47%) | 222 (47%) | 199 (46%) | 0.776 |
| History of smoking | 303 (34%) | 180 (38%) | 123 (29%) | 0.002 |
| History of IHD | 198 (22%) | 109 (23%) | 89 (21%) | 0.368 |
| Previous kidney transplantation | 110 (12%) | 55 (12%) | 55 (13%) | 0.618 |
| On renal replacement therapy | 622 (69%) | 331 (71%) | 291 (68%) | 0.373 |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 199 (22%) | 100 (21%) | 99 (23%) | 0.527 |
| Hemodialysis | 423 (47%) | 231 (49%) | 192 (45%) | 0.177 |
| Cause of kidney disease | ||||
| Diabetes | 255 (28%) | 174 (37%) | 81 (19%) | <0.001 |
| IgA nephropathy | 150 (17%) | 69 (15%) | 81 (19%) | 0.094 |
| Reflux nephropathy | 71 (8%) | 30 (6%) | 41 (10%) | 0.080 |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 103 (11%) | 46 (10%) | 57 (13%) | 0.102 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 185 (20%) | 72 (15%) | 113 (26%) | <0.001 |
| Renovascular | 49 (5%) | 25 (5%) | 24 (6%) | 0.862 |
| Miscellaneous | 85 (9%) | 53 (11%) | 32 (7%) | 0.036 |
| Exercise stress echocardiography results | ||||
| Test during long interdialytic interval | 139 (15%) | 76 (36%) | 63 (39%) | 0.554 |
| Test performed on beta‐blockers | 379 (42%) | 223 (48%) | 156 (36%) | 0.001 |
| Exercise duration, min | 7.6±2.7 | 5.9±2.2 | 9.4±1.9 | <0.001 |
| Reached ≥85% MPHR | 535 (60%) | 221 (47%) | 314 (73%) | <0.001 |
| METs | 9.2±2.8 | 7.4±2.1 | 11.2±2.0 | <0.001 |
| Baseline LVEF <50% | 141 (16%) | 97 (21%) | 44 (10%) | <0.001 |
| Abnormal stress echocardiogram | 143 (16%) | 101 (22%) | 42 (10%) | <0.001 |
| Non‐diagnostic | 32 (4%) | 31 (7%) | 3 (1%) | 0.003 |
| Global failure in LV contractile reserve | 53 (6%) | 32 (7%) | 19 (4%) | 0.123 |
| Inducible regional wall motion abnormalities | 58 (6%) | 38 (8%) | 20 (5%) | 0.268 |
| Underwent coronary angiography | 56 (6%) | 40 (9%) | 16 (4%) | 0.866 |
| Non‐MI revascularization | 28 (3%) | 22 (5%) | 6 (1%) | 0.005 |
| Transplanted | 525 (58%) | 246 (52%) | 279 (65%) | <0.001 |
| Median time to transplantation | 1.5 [0.8–2.8] | 1.6 [0.7–2.7] | 1.5 [0.8–2.9] | 0.752 |
Values are mean±SD, median (Q1–Q3) or n (%). BMI indicates body mass index; IHD, ischemic heart disease; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; METs, metabolic equivalents; MI, myocardial infarction; and MPHR, maximum predicted heart rate.