Table 3.

Odds of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Underdiagnosis or Undertreatment Among Childhood Cancer Survivors, Adjusted for Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Current Age

Characteristic	Underdiagnosis N=155*		Undertreatment N=120*
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Male vs female (ref)	1.8 (1.2–2.6)	0.003	1.9 (1.2–2.9)	0.004
Other races and ethnicities vs non‐Hispanic White (ref)	0.7 (0.4–1.3)	0.30	0.9 (0.5–1.7)	0.72
Current age, y
20–34	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
35–39	1.0 (0.6–1.6)	0.94	2.3 (1.2–4.2)	0.009
≥40	0.9 (0.6–1.5)	0.78	2.9 (1.7–4.9)	<0.001
Anthracycline exposure vs none (ref)	1.5 (0.9–2.5)	0.12	0.7 (0.5–1.2)	0.22
Chest radiotherapy exposure vs none (ref)	1.0 (0.7–1.5)	0.88	2.0 (1.3–3.1)	0.002
Survivorship clinic attendance vs none (ref)	0.8 (0.5–1.2)	0.23	0.9 (0.6–1.4)	0.65
No routine vs routine checkup (ref)	1.3 (0.6–2.5)	0.50	0.6 (0.2–1.7)	0.37
No. adverse lifestyle factors †
0	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
1	1.1 (0.6–1.9)	0.72	1.4 (0.7–2.6)	0.34
≥2	1.8 (1.0–3.3)	0.06	2.2 (1.1–4.5)	0.03
Body mass index, kg/m2
<25	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
25–29	2.3 (1.5–3.6) ‡	<0.001	1.7 (1.0–2.9)	0.07
≥30			2.9 (1.7–4.9)	<0.001
High vs low health‐related self‐efficacy (ref) §	0.7 (0.5–1.1)	0.13	0.5 (0.3–0.8)	0.003
MHLC scale ║
Internal	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	0.49	0.7 (0.5–0.9)	0.01
Chance	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	0.70	1.1 (0.8–1.4)	0.53
Powerful others	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	0.95	1.5 (1.1–1.9)	0.009

MHLC indicates Multidimensional Health Locus of Control; OR, odds ratio; and ref, referent.

^*Compared with survivors without any cardiovascular disease risk factor underdiagnosis and undertreatment (n=323; referent).

^† Consisting of physical inactivity, low fruit/vegetable consumption, and current smoking/tobacco use.

^‡ 25–29 and ≥30 kg/m² categories combined as univariate analyses showed ORs 2.4 for both categories when compared with <25 kg/m².

^§ Defined as T‐score ≥50 vs <50 (ref).

^║ Modeled as a linear term with risk estimates reflecting the association with a 1‐unit increase in the scale value.