Table 3.
Changes in Markers of CVD Risk Overall and Stratified by Sex Per 1‐Unit Increase in DP Score
| Overall, n=12 706 | Men, n=5965 | Women, n=6741 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DP1 | DP2 | DP1 | DP2 | DP1 | DP2 | |||||||
| β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |
| Framingham Risk Score* | ||||||||||||
| Model 1 ‖ | 0.06 | −0.09 to 0.22 | 0.08 | −0.04 to 0.21 | 0.15 | −0.09 to 0.41 | 0.05 | −0.16 to 0.25 | −0.03 | −0.20 to 0.14 | 0.09 | −0.06 to 0.23 |
| Model 2 ‖ | 0.01 | −0.14 to 0.16 | 0.09 | −0.03 to 0.21 | 0.03 | −0.21 to 0.27 | 0.13 | −0.07 to 0.33 | −0.03 | −0.20 to 0.14 | 0.07 | −0.07 to 0.21 |
| Systolic blood pressure*,§ | ||||||||||||
| Model 1 ‖ | 0.21 | −0.10 to 0.52 | 0.21 | −0.06 to 0.46 | 0.31 | −0.11 to 0.73 | 0.36 † | 0.02–0.71 † | 0.11 | −0.35 to 0.56 | 0.01 | −0.38 to 0.40 |
| Model 3 ‖ | −0.27 | −0.55 to 0.01 | −0.16 | −0.39 to 0.07 | −0.30 | −0.68 to 0.08 | −0.04 | −0.34 to 0.26 | −0.20 | −0.61 to 0.20 | −0.26 | −0.61 to 0.09 |
| Diastolic blood pressure*,§ | ||||||||||||
| Model 1 ‖ | 0.23 † | 0.05–0.40 † | 0.09 | −0.06 to 0.24 | 0.32 † | 0.06–0.57 † | 0.16 | −0.04 to 0.37 | 0.13 | −0.12 to 0.38 | 0.02 | −0.19 to 0.23 |
| Model 3 ‖ | −0.04 | −0.21 to 0.11 | 0.02 | −0.11 to 0.16 | −0.05 | −0.27 to 0.18 | 0.08 | −0.11 to 0.26 | −0.06 | −0.28 to 0.17 | −0.02 | −0.22 to 0.18 |
| Cardiac index ‡ , § | ||||||||||||
| Model 1 ‖ | −0.02 † | −0.04 to −0.01 † | −0.01 | −0.03 to 0.01 | −0.02 † | −0.04 to −0.01 † | −0.02 † | −0.03 to −0.01 † | −0.02 | −0.05 to 0.01 | −0.01 | −0.03 to 0.02 |
| Model 3 ‖ | −0.02 † | −0.04 to −0.01 † | −0.01 † | −0.02 to −0.01 † | −0.02 † | −0.04 to −0.01 † | −0.02 † | −0.03 to −0.01 † | −0.02 | −0.05 to 0.01 | −0.01 | −0.02 to 0.01 |
| LVEF ‡ , § | ||||||||||||
| Model 1 ‖ | 0.01 | −0.12 to 0.13 | −0.16 † | −0.27 to −0.06 † | −0.04 | −0.21 to 0.13 | −0.16 † | −0.31 to −0.02 † | 0.05 | −0.11 to 0.23 | −0.16 † | −0.31 to −0.01 † |
| Model 3 ‖ | −0.05 | −0.15 to 0.06 | −0.15 † | −0.24 to −0.07 † | −0.09 | −0.23 to 0.06 | −0.16 † | −0.28 to −0.04 † | 0.02 | −0.12 to 0.17 | −0.15 † | −0.27 to −0.02 † |
| Carotid IMT ‡ , § | ||||||||||||
| Model 1 ‖ | −0.94 | −3.11 to 1.22 | 1.85 † | 0.07–3.63 † | −1.43 | −4.71 to 1.85 | 2.43 | −0.23 to 5.09 | −0.43 | −3.21 to 2.34 | 1.27 | −1.06 to 3.59 |
| Model 3 ‖ | −1.27 | −3.46 to 0.92 | 1.10 | −0.67 to 2.87 | −1.72 | −5.07 to 1.62 | 1.41 | −1.24 to 4.06 | −0.69 | −3.47 to 2.09 | 0.70 | −1.59 to 3.00 |
| Carotid IMT ‡ , § | ||||||||||||
| Model 1 ‖ | 0.05 | −0.11 to 0.21 | −0.02 | −0.15 to 0.12 | 0.04 | −0.16 to 0.25 | 0.01 | −0.17 to 0.18 | 0.06 | −0.18 to 0.30 | −0.06 | −0.27 to 0.15 |
| Model 3 ‖ | 0.06 | −0.10 to 0.22 | −0.09 | −0.23 to 0.04 | 0.07 | −0.14 to 0.28 | −0.07 | −0.24 to 0.11 | 0.04 | −0.21 to 0.28 | −0.14 | −0.35 to 0.07 |
CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; DP, dietary pattern; IMT, intima medial thickness; and LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.
Regression coefficients from linear regression analyses represent change in outcome from baseline (2006–2010) to follow‐up (2014–2020) per 1‐unit increase in DP scores. DP1 scores ranged from −3.41 to 6.68, and DP2 scores ranged from −5.89 to 5.03.
Statistically significant associations.
Regression coefficients from linear regression analyses represent values for the outcome at follow‐up (2014–2020) per 1‐unit increase in DP scores. DP1 scores ranged from −3.41 to 6.68, and DP2 scores ranged from −5.89 to 5.03.
Secondary outcome analyses included 12 486 individuals.
Model 1: analysis adjusted for age and sex (except when used to stratify). Model 2: analysis adjusted for Model 1 plus Townsend deprivation index, physical activity, follow‐up time, and energy misreporting. Model 3: analysis adjusted for Model 2 plus body mass index, smoking status, and blood pressure medication use.