FIG 6.

Increased susceptibility to S. aureus in antibiotic-treated mice is microbiome independent. (A) The total microbial load of stool was measured by 16S sequencing of DNA extracted from stool samples of untreated and antibiotic-treated mice (n = 5) (means ± SEM). (B) Survival curve of germfree mice challenged intranasally with 4 × 10⁸ CFU of LAC or TH16 (n = 10 to 11 mice/group). (C) Survival curve of antibiotic-treated germfree mice infected intranasally with 4 × 10⁸ CFU of TH16 (n = 12 to 13 mice/group). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with a Šídák posttest (A) and a log rank (Mantel-Cox) test (B and C). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ****, P < 0.0001.