AdpA is required for ACT production and morphological development in S. coelicolor M145. (A) Phenotypes of the WT, ΔadpA, ΔadpA::adpA, and ΔadpA::pMS82 strains grown on YBP medium at 30°C. Images were taken at the indicated times. (B) First, 1 mM thiosulfate or 0.1 mM cysteine was added to YBP agar plates before inoculation. The plates were incubated at 30°C for 10 days, and images were captured from the reverse side of the plates. (C) Quantitative determination of ACT produced by the wt, ΔadpA, and ΔadpA::adpA strains on YBP containing thiosulfate or cysteine. The plates were incubated at 30°C for 10 days. Data are from three independent repeats. (D and E) WT and ΔadpA strains were grown on YBP liquid medium. At 36 h, 400 μM HSnH or S8 was added, and after 1 h of induction, RNA samples were isolated. Real-time PCR data are from three independent repeats and shown as the average ± standard deviation (SD).