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Model of UPEC utilization of ferric citrate. Clinical UPEC isolate HM7 encodes a biosynthetic pathway for a sole siderophore, enterobactin, as well as three enterobactin uptake receptors, FepA, Fiu, and CirA, to acquire iron during infection. In the presence of the immune protein Lcn2, enterobactin is rendered inaccessible to bacteria. In response, HM7 employs ferric citrate uptake through the fec system to acquire iron from the host.
