TABLE 1.
Study cohort demographics and clinical variables stratified by intestinal permeability category
| Variable | Value |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cohort (n = 113) |
High IP (n = 48) |
Low IP (n = 65) |
||
| No. (%) of subjects of sex | 0.28 | |||
| Male | 61 (54.0) | 24 (50.0) | 37 (57.0) | |
| Female | 52 (46.0) | 24 (50.0) | 28 (43.1) | |
| No. (%) of subjects of race | ||||
| White | 42 (37.2) | 18 (37.5) | 24 (37.0) | 1.00 |
| African American | 63 (55.8) | 30 (62.5) | 33 (50.8) | 0.25 |
| Other | 8 (7.1) | 0 | 8 (12.3) | 0.02 |
| Mean birth wt (g) ± SD | 1,377.8 ± 415.2 | 1,237.3 ± 378.1 | 1,496.5 ± 403.0 | <0.01 |
| No. (%) of VLBW subjects (<1,500 g) | 66 (58.4) | 32 (66.7) | 34 (52.3) | 0.18 |
| Mean gestational age (wks) ± SD | 29.8 ± 2.3 | 29.0 ± 2.3 | 30.5 ± 2.1 | <0.01 |
| No. (%) of early-GA subjects (≤28 wks) | 28 (24.8) | 18 (37.5) | 10 (15.4) | <0.01 |
| Mean postmenstrual age (wks) ± SD | 31.1 ± 2.3 | 30.3 ± 2.3 | 31.7 ± 2.1 | <0.01 |
| No. (%) of early-PMA subjects (<31 wks) | 41 (36.3) | 23 (47.9) | 18 (27.7) | 0.03 |
| No. (%) of subjects with caesarean delivery | 77 (68.1) | 37 (77.1) | 40 (61.5) | 0.10 |
| No. (%) of mothers with PPROM | 36 (31.9) | 15 (31.3) | 21 (32.3) | 1.00 |
| No. (%) of mothers with preeclampsia | 25 (22.1) | 11 (23.0) | 14 (21.5) | 1.00 |
| No. (%) of mothers receiving antenatal corticosteroids | 106 (94.0) | 46 (96.0) | 60 (92.3) | 0.70 |
| No. (%) of mothers receiving antibiotics | 69 (61.1) | 30 (62.5) | 39 (60.0) | 0.85 |
| Mean APGAR score at 1 min ± SD | 5.8 ± 2.5 | 5.3 ±2.8 | 6.2 ± 2.1 | 0.04 |
| Mean APGAR score at 5 min ± SD | 7.7 ± 1.6 | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 7.9 ± 1.6 | 0.12 |
| No. (%) of subjects receiving antibiotic | ||||
| Ampicillin | 64 (56.7) | 30 (62.5) | 34 (52.3) | 0.33 |
| Gentamicin | 56 (49.6) | 25 (52.1) | 31 (47.7) | 0.70 |
| Vancomycin | 8 (7.1) | 6 (12.5) | 2 (3.1) | 0.07 |
| Cefotaxime | 9 (8.0) | 6 (12.5) | 3 (4.6) | 0.16 |
| No. (%) of subject who received at least 1 antibiotic vs no antibioticsa | 68 (60.2) | 33 (68.8) | 35 (53.9) | 0.12 |
| No. (%) of subjects who received antibiotic fora: | ||||
| ≤3 days | 83 (73.5) | 30 (62.5) | 53 (81.5) | 0.03 |
| >3 days | 30 (26.6) | 18 (37.5) | 12 (18.5) | |
| No. (%) of subjects who received MOM fora: | ||||
| <4 days | 26 (23.0) | 20 (41.7) | 6 (9.2) | <0.01 |
| ≥4 days | 87 (77.0) | 28 (58.3) | 59 (90.8) | |
| Mean feeding duration (no. of days) ± SDa | ||||
| MOM | 4.8 ± 2.3 | 4 ± 2.7 | 5.5 ± 1.5 | <0.01 |
| Formula | 1.3 ± 2.3 | 2 ± 2.7 | 0.8 ± 1.6 | 0.02 |
| Mean feeding intake vol received ± SDa | ||||
| MOM | 200.8 ± 178.8 | 123.4 ± 154.2 | 263.0 ± 175.6 | <0.01 |
| Formula | 61.7 ± 146.7 | 99.8 ± 194.7 | 32.8 ± 91.2 | 0.03 |
a
Variable measured during the time period starting from the enrollment day (within 1 to 4 days after birth depending on clinical stability) until the day when IP was measured (day 8 ± 2 after birth).