Table 1. Medical management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

Author (Year)	Groups Studied and Intervention	Results and Findings	Conclusions
Rushton et al. (1981)25	217 adults diagnosed with glossopharyngeal neuralgia were managed medically. If treatment was unsuccessful, surgery was performed for potential relief of symptoms	18 patients took phenytoin, with only 2 having enough relief to avoid surgery 20 patients took carbamazepine alone, with only 4 having enough relief to avoid surgery 129 patients had surgical treatment: 110 patients had relief of pain	Carbamazepine is the favored medication for medical treatment Surgery is an effective option for treatment of GN
Deseure et al. (2017)27	72 rats with infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury (a model for trigeminal neuralgia) were treated with a continuous 1 week infusion of either 30 mg/day of carbamazepine, 1.06 mg/day baclofen, 4.18 mg/day clomipramine, and 5 mg/day morphine and observed on spontaneous or evoked pain behavior	Face grooming (a measure of pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia) was shown to be reduced in those receiving carbamazepine and baclofen. Clomipramine and morphine treated showed no significant reduction in face grooming All drugs tested exhibited antiallodynic effects	Carbamazepine exhibited the strongest effects in reducing neuralgia-like pain This can confirm the use of carbamazepine as a first line pharmacologic treatment for glossopharyngeal neuralgia.
Moretti et al. (2002)28	Case Study of a 48 year old woman with GN followed for four years with various medical treatments	After a trial of Carbamazepine, Ketolorac, and a steroid, Gabapentin was initiated at 400 mg six times daily for 2 months. After stopping the therapy, patient was asymptomatic for 4 years	Gabapentin is a viable treatment option for GN therapy
Gaber et al. (2013)29	Case Report of a 62 year old female with refractory TN and multiple sclerosis who had to discontinue carbamazepine due to symptomatic hyponatremia	After trials of gabapentin, amitriptyline, and topiramate with no significant relief of pain, 400 mg of eslicarbazepine per day provide relief of TN pain with no medication side effects.	Eslicarbazepine is a potential option for those with neuralgia type pain who cannot take first-line medications due to side effects.
Garcia et al. (2014)30	Retrospective observational study on 10 patients to determine pain reduction from neuropathic-type pain with use of eslicarbazepine acetate (5 with TN, 3 with painful diabetic neuropathy, and 2 with post herpetic neuralgia)	An average dose of 800 mg/day was given to each patient. Maximum dose was 1,200 mg/day in one case. After 3 months, there was a reduction of at least 50% in pain according to a visual analog scale (VAS).	Eslicarbazepine is a potential option for those with neuralgia type pain
Simpson et al. (2019)47	Case study of 78year old man with GN symptoms for 2 years. Trials with carbazepine and oxcarbazine were unsuccessful	The patient’s pain as able to be controlled with 1800 mg per day of gabapentin	Gabapentin is a suitable option for treatment of GN pain for those unable to handle the side effects of the first-line treatments carbamazepine and oxcarbazine.