Table 2.
Clinical Data of Patients with DKD
| Parameter | DKD1(n=13) | DKD2(n=30) | t (Z) [χ2] | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DM duration (m) | 48.00(1.00, 96.00) | 78.00(36.00, 168.00) | (2.053) | 0.041 |
| Smoking [n (%)] | 53.85 | 50.00 | [0.023] | 0.879 |
| Weight | 66.69±11.97 | 71.62±14.99 | 1.347 | 0.301 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.67±28.09 | 148.40±20.00 | 2.436 | 0.019 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82.83±11.15 | 89.43±13.39 | 1.508 | 0.139 |
| Scr (μmol/L) | 85.55(55.25, 136.88) | 111.40(82.98, 146.30) | (1.072) | 0.284 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 7.23(6.46, 9.75) | 6.86(5.91, 10.78) | (0.014) | 0.989 |
| UA (μmol/L) | 314.00(274.00, 373.00) | 358.00(308.50, 427.50) | (1.629) | 0.103 |
| eGFR [mL/min·1.73 m2] | 86.42±38.33 | 73.70±31.22 | 1.117 | 0.271 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.90(4.51, 6.50) | 7.24(6.001, 8.26) | (2.395) | 0.017 |
| HbAc1(%) | 7.15(6.73, 7.70) | 7.50(6.70, 8.20) | (0.809) | 0.419 |
| CHO (mmol/L) | 3.95±0.89 | 5.24±1.37 | 3.003 | 0.005 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.95(1.55, 2.34) | 1.51(1.03, 2.32) | (0.849) | 0.396 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.21±0.99 | 3.23±1.21 | 2.560 | 0.014 |
| VLDL (mmol/L) | 0.72(0.58, 0.84) | 0.56(0.38, 0.85) | (0.794) | 0.427 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 0.93±0.21 | 1.22±0.35 | 2.648 | 0.012 |
| ALB (g/L) | 42.89±3.57 | 36.28±7.52 | 3.852 | 0.000 |
| Hb (g/L) | 125.42±19.56 | 124.47±23.43 | 0.124 | 0.902 |
| ApoA1(mmol/L) | 1.03(0.98, 1.18) | 1.23(1.04, 1.40) | (6.048) | 0.014 |
| ApoB (mmol/L) | 0.80±0.17 | 1.04±0.28 | 2.687 | 0.011 |
| ApoB/ApoA1 | 0.79±0.23 | 0.84±0.26 | 0.624 | 0.537 |
| Lipoprotein α(mmol/L) | 112.00(65.50, 244.50) | 229.00(130.00, 487.00) | (1.727) | 0.084 |
| CRP (g/L) | 0.89(0.60, 1.34) | 1.44(0.91, 2.00) | (1.499) | 0.134 |
| U-TRF (mg/L) | 6.43(5.07, 17.15) | 59.90(31.60, 134.43) | (4.211) | 0.000 |
| U-RBP (mg/L) | 0.54(0.17, 1.21) | 1.60(0.55, 3.89) | (1.727) | 0.084 |
| U-NAG (U/L) | 8.40(7.50, 9.75) | 13.84(8.86, 18.70) | (1.985) | 0.047 |
| U-IgG (mg/L) | 9.10(4.85, 18.03) | 100.94(38.12, 228.57) | (4.242) | 0.000 |
| U-FDP (ug/mL) | 0.15(0.10, 0.38) | 0.19(0.09, 0.51) | (0.349) | 0.727 |
| U-cyc (mg/L) | 0.15(0.11, 0.21) | 0.26(0.15, 0.40) | (1.697) | 0.090 |
| U-Cr (mmol/L) | 9.94(7.41, 13.30) | 6.95(5.11, 9.44) | (2.060) | 0.039 |
| U-β2-MG (mg/L) | 0.31(0.16, 1.09) | 0.98(0.40, 2.15) | (1.727) | 0.084 |
| U-α1-MG (mg/L) | 12.02(6.31, 18.15) | 21.34(13.15, 30.61) | (1.848) | 0.065 |
| U-ALB/Cr | 80.24(44.25, 192.91) | 1324.85(503.39, 3202.47) | (4.696) | 0.000 |
| U-TP/Cr | 358.41(142.98, 504.35) | 1899.81(891.33, 3900.79) | (4.575) | 0.000 |
| U-ALB/β2-MG | 428.05(45.53, 1048.60) | 760.78(433.37, 2201.54) | (1.878) | 0.06 |
| 24-h UTP (g) | 80.24(44.25, 192.91) | 1324.85(503.39, 3202.47) | (4.749) | 0.000 |
| 24-h UTP/Cr (g/g) | 0.39(0.34, 0.53) | 2.77(1.54, 6.09) | (4.637) | 0.000 |
| U-ALB (g) | 0.11(0.05, 0.20) | 0.92(0.46, 2.27) | (4.720) | 0.000 |
| 24-h UAER (g) | 0.18(0.08, 0.27) | 1.60(0.97, 4.09) | (4.657) | 0.000 |
Notes: Data presented as means ± SD, medians (IQR), or n (%); t-tests for continuous data, Mann–Whitney U-tests for abnormally distributed variables, and χ2 tests for categorical data.
Abbreviations: DM, diabetic mellitus; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG, fasting blood glucose; CHO, cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; ALB, albumin; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; CRP, c-reactive protein; U-TRF, urinary transferrin; U-NAG, N-acetyl β-glucosaminidase; U-IgG, urinary IgG; U-FDP, urinary fibrinogen; U-cyc, urinary cystatin C; U-β2-MG, urinary β2 microglobulin; U-α1-MG, urinary α1-microglobulin; U-Cr, urinary creatinine; 24-hUTP, 24-h urine protein quantification; U-ALB, urinary albumin; 24-hUAER, 24-h urinary albumin excretion.