Table 3. Adjusted odds ratios for screening positive for mental health disorders, trouble sleeping, and problem drinking by type of combat exposure.
Model | Mental health disordersa | Trouble sleepingb | Problem drinkingc |
---|---|---|---|
AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
Model 1: Combat severityd | n = 6,250 | n = 6,247 | n = 6,236 |
Low (0–6 items) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
High (7–12 items) | 2.90 (2.48, 3.38) | 2.13 (1.90, 2.38) | 1.43 (1.23, 1.65) |
Model 2: Type of combat evente | n = 6,204 | n = 6,201 | n = 6,190 |
Fightingf | |||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 0.97 (0.72, 1.29) | 1.10 (0.91, 1.34) | 1.53 (1.17, 2.00) |
Killingg | |||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 2.14 (1.85, 2.48) | 1.83 (1.62, 2.07) | 1.27 (1.10, 1.47) |
Threat to oneselfh | |||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.51 (1.25, 1.82) | 1.29 (1.13, 1.48) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.11) |
Death/injury of othersi | |||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.82 (1.32, 2.49) | 1.35 (1.10, 1.64) | 1.27 (0.97, 1.66) |
Model 3: Type of killingj,k | n = 6,204 | n = 6,201 | n = 6,190 |
Neither | 0.56 (0.48, 0.65) | 0.61 (0.54, 0.69) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.11) |
Enemy combatant only | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Noncombatant | 2.14 (1.74, 2.63) | 1.75 (1.42, 2.16) | 2.12 (1.71, 2.63) |
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IED, improvised explosive device; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder.
Significant results are shown in bold.
a Mental health disorders is defined as endorsement of PTSD, depression, panic, or anxiety.
b Trouble sleeping is based on an endorsement of having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep.
c Problem drinking is based on endorsement of any of the five PHQ alcohol items.
d Model 1 was adjusted for occupational specialization, race and ethnicity, marital status, education, age, panel, component, and rank. A separate model was run for each outcome.
e Model 2 was adjusted for occupational specialization, race and ethnicity, marital status, education, age, panel, component and rank. A separate model was run for each outcome.
f Fighting includes being attacked or ambushed, receiving small arms fire, or clearing/searching buildings.
g Killing includes being directly responsible for the death of an enemy combatant or a noncombatant.
h Threat to oneself includes having an IED explode near you or being wounded or injured.
i Death/injury of others includes seeing dead bodies, handling human remains, knowing someone injured/killed, seeing Americans injured/killed, or having a unit member injured/killed).
j Type of killing was categorized as “neither,” “enemy combatant only,” and “noncombatant.” Almost all who reported being responsible for the death of a noncombatant also reported being responsible for the death of an enemy combatant.
k Model 3 was adjusted for occupational specialization, fighting, threat to oneself, death/injury of others, race and ethnicity, marital status, education, age, panel, component and rank. A separate model was run for each outcome.